{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T07:11:21Z","timestamp":1779261081233,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Air pollution is associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and mortality in patients with CHB treated with nucleotide\/nucleoside analogues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 697 patients with CHB treated with nucleotide\/nucleoside analogues and analysed the incidence and risk factors for mortality. Daily air pollutant concentrations were estimated from the year before enrolment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All\u2010cause mortality showed an annual incidence of 1.1\/100 person\u2010years after a follow\u2010up period of 3798.1 person\u2010years. Factors with the strongest association with all\u2010cause mortality were liver cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR]\/95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.95\/1.69\u20139.23; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), age ([HR]\/CI: 1.07\/1.03\u20131.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and pre\u2010treatment gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels (HR\/CI: 1.004\/1.001\u20131.006, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). Among patients with cirrhosis, the factors associated with all\u2010cause mortality were age (HR\/CI: 1.08\/1.04\u20131.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), pre\u2010treatment GGT levels (HR\/CI: 1.004\/1.001\u20131.008, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), platelet count (HR\/CI: 0.988\/0.977\u20130.998, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> concentration (per unit increment, ppb) (1.045\/1.001\u20131.091; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046). The best NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> cut\u2010off value for predicting all\u2010cause mortality in patients with cirrhosis was 25.5\u2009ppb (AUROC 0.63; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> levels &gt;\u200925.5\u2009ppb were associated with a higher incidence of mortality in patients with cirrhosis (HR\/CI:2.49\/1.03\u20136.02; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Air pollution influences all\u2010cause mortality in patients with CHB receiving nucleotide\/nucleoside analogue therapy. Long\u2010term NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> exposure may increase liver\u2010related mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis receiving nucleotide\/nucleoside analogue treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T11:45:55Z","timestamp":1739965555000},"page":"1458-1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Air Pollution Associated With Mortality Among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Nucleotide\/Nucleoside Analogues"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyng\u2010Yuan","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes  Kaohsiung 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Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Da","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ju","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Chien","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Yen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung 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