{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:52:17Z","timestamp":1790905937244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered the best dietary approach for patients with metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Recently, time\u2010restricted feeding (TRF) has gained attention for its lifestyle compatibility and health benefits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to compare the effects of a hypocaloric MD with a 10\u2010h TRF protocol to an unrestricted MD in MASLD patients with overweight\/obesity and evaluate differences between early and late TRF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This 12\u2010week randomised controlled trial in MASLD patients with overweight\/obesity consisted of three groups, all following a hypocaloric Mediterranean\u2010type diet. The control group had no eating time restrictions. The early TRF (eTRF) and late TRF (lTRF) groups had a 10\u2010h eating window, from 8\u2009AM to 6\u2009PM and from 12\u2009PM to 10\u2009PM, respectively. Various health parameters were measured. Compliance was tracked via food diaries, and an 8\u2010week follow\u2010up occurred post\u2010intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010nine MASLD individuals (27 males; 52.9\u2009years; body mass index 32.1\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) completed the trial (control, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919; eTRF, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920; lTRF, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920). All groups showed significant 12\u2010week reductions in body weight, anthropometry and blood pressure. Glycated haemoglobin A<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> and insulin resistance, as measured by the Matsuda index, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and fasting glucose\u2010to\u2010insulin ratio, improved in the eTRF group at 12\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study corroborates the efficacy of MD in ameliorating cardiometabolic risk factors such as body weight and blood pressure in MASLD patients. The combination with an eTRF protocol may improve glycaemic control (NCT05866744).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study is registered at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> (NCT05866744)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T03:42:25Z","timestamp":1741750945000},"page":"1290-1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effects of a 12\u2010Week Mediterranean\u2010Type Time\u2010Restricted Feeding Protocol in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction\u2010Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial\u2014The \u2018<scp>CHRONO<\/scp>\u2010<scp>NAFLD<\/scp> Project\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Tsitsou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triada","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalini","family":"Adamantou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristi","family":"Saridaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalliopi\u2010Anna","family":"Poulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0082-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios S.","family":"Karagiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine Attiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-7105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Papakonstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Cholongitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.10.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnz009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073503"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010016\u20103902\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12443"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2011.00873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111764"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224778"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.3050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23420"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114833"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.110796"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876\u2010019\u20101132\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.3513"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111847"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15234870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6512.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24\u2010S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179546818759286"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.85.1.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP): A Marker of Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"29","author":"Niroumand S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230\u20108210.146874"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004\u201028032010000200009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.8.5054"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","first-page":"605","article-title":"Fibroscan (Transient Elastography) for the Measurement of Liver Fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Afdhal N. H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101547"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876\u2010019\u20100961\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1692349"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Reliability Measures of the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Greek Young Adults","volume":"50","author":"Papathanasiou G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2000.11082794"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801083"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2010.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cWaist Circumference and Waist\u2010Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation.\u201dDevelopment DoNfHa 2008 (pp: 1\u201347)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235160"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040823"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010017\u20100352\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193390"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111721"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2022.159262"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057687"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.094011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102250"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000388"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.70044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T07:11:36Z","timestamp":1744441896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.70044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.70044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.70044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}