{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:31Z","timestamp":1791489691627,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) includes corticosteroids, which are associated with the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). Reported new\u2010onset DM rates in patients with AIH have varied, and predisposing factors and prognostic implications are inadequately characterised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the frequency and predisposing factors for DM in AIH and its association with disease progression and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective\/prospective single\u2010centre study of 494 patients with AIH presenting 1987\u20132023, 466 receiving corticosteroids (454 prednisolone, 12 budesonide) and followed for (median (range) 9 (0\u201336) years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010seven patients (10%) already had DM at AIH diagnosis. New\u2010onset DM subsequently developed in another 59 (13%). In those receiving prednisolone, new\u2010onset DM incidence was 8%\u2009\u00b1\u20091% after 1\u2009year and 14%\u2009\u00b1\u20092% after 10\u2009years (14\u2010 and 3\u2010fold higher than expected population rate), and was independently associated with older age, non\u2010Caucasian ethnicity, higher initial prednisolone dose, higher BMI at diagnosis and more weight gain after 2\u2009years of follow\u2010up. New\u2010onset DM usually persisted despite stopping prednisolone.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>New\u2010onset DM and DM at any time were independently associated with all\u2010cause death\/transplantation rate, along with previously established risk factors (older age, cirrhosis, lower ALT at diagnosis and failure of early ALT normalisation). New\u2010onset DM and DM at any time were also independently associated with cirrhosis development. Similar associations of new\u2010onset DM and DM at any time with liver\u2010related death\/transplantation were significant on univariate but not multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New\u2010onset DM occurred in 13% of patients with AIH, was related to older age, non\u2010Caucasian ethnicity, higher prednisolone dose, higher BMI at diagnosis and weight gain; and was an independent predictor of all\u2010cause death\/transplantation and of cirrhosis development, underlining the need to minimise steroid burden in AIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T03:35:37Z","timestamp":1746675337000},"page":"319-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: Frequency, Risk Factors and Effect on Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5484-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Flatley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield, University of Sheffield Medical School  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selena","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Pilsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hoeroldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5516-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dermot","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield, University of Sheffield Medical School  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.235259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420010131015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.11.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92125-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.08.013"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"834","article-title":"Autoimmune Hepatitis in Tunisia. 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