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These are associated with increased mortality, paradoxical worsening of pain, and inappropriate IBD treatment discontinuation. Chronic prescribing and co\u2010prescribing increase the risk of respiratory depression, dependence, and overdose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a large nationally representative dataset, we examined the annual prevalence of total, chronic (&gt;\u200990\u2009days opioids; &gt;\u200928\u2009days sedatives), and co\u2010prescribed opioids, gabapentinoids and sedatives in adults with incident IBD from January 2010 to December 2019. Multivariable regression identified predictors of chronic or co\u2010prescribing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 17,388 individuals, over 20% were prescribed a pain or sedative medication each year. Annual prevalence for opioids and gabapentinoids increased (13.6%\u201314% and 2.5%\u20135.6%, respectively) while sedative prevalence remained stable (8.4%). Chronic prescribing increased for strong opioids (3.6%\u20134.6%), weak opioids (3.6%\u20133.7%) and sedatives (4.2%\u20134.4%). Between 4.2% and 6.9% of individuals per year were co\u2010prescribed opioids, gabapentinoids, and\/or sedatives. Female sex, smoking, older age at diagnosis, Crohn's disease, and a diagnosis of inflammatory arthropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, or anxiety\/depression were significantly associated with chronic and\/or co\u2010prescriptions of opioids or sedatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A substantial proportion of individuals with IBD are prescribed pain and sedative medications, including long\u2010term and co\u2010prescriptions. Identifying high\u2010risk patients is essential to ensure they are prioritised for limited resources, such as psychological therapies, as alternatives to harmful prescriptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:24:59Z","timestamp":1751430299000},"page":"732-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pain and Sedative Medication Use Among Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population\u2010Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3280-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Baillie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity City St George's University of London  London UK"},{"name":"School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1343-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishani","family":"Jayasooriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity City St George's University of London  London UK"},{"name":"School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Bottle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit Western General Hospital  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6452-6763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Pollok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity City St George's University of London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Sir Liam Donaldson \u201cChief Medical Officer's Update. 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