{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:37:34Z","timestamp":1791823054688,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis (sAH) is a life\u2010threatening condition. Despite advances in clinical management, prognosis remains poor and long\u2010term effectiveness of available therapies is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to evaluate short\u2010term mortality (28, 60, and 90\u2010day) trends in sAH over the past five decades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus from database inception to February 2024 for studies reporting 28, 60, and 90\u2010day mortality in patients with sAH. Pooled mortality estimates were calculated using a random\u2010effects meta\u2010regression model. We assessed heterogeneity using the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic and explored sources of heterogeneity through subgroup and meta\u2010regression analyses. Separate Bayesian mixed\u2010effects binomial models were used to estimate the posterior distribution of mortality probability, updated sequentially across calendar time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      34\u2009studies comprising 1586 patients with sAH were included. Pooled mortality rates were 26.8% (95% CI: 21.0%\u201333.5%) at 28\u2009days, 35.1% (95% CI: 28.3%\u201342.5%) at 60\u2009days, and 43.7% (95% CI: 34.6%\u201353.3%) at 90\u2009days. Mortality increased steadily with follow\u2010up time. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, as expected in pooled proportion meta\u2010analysis (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u200980%). Although cumulative Bayesian analysis showed that average 28\u2010day mortality declined from over 50% in the 1970s to ~25% after 2000, a formal decade\u2010based analysis indicated no statistically credible improvement in short\u2010term mortality was detected overall in the past four decades. In multivariable models adjusting for follow\u2010up time, the Model for End\u2010Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was significantly associated with mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short\u2010term mortality in sAH remains high and has not improved in recent decades. These findings highlight the urgent need for effective therapies, improved patient selection for early liver transplantation, and better prognostic tools to guide clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T14:49:57Z","timestamp":1758379797000},"page":"866-876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Meta\u2010Analysis: Mortality Trends and Risk Factors in Severe Alcohol\u2010Associated Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Mushfiqur R.","family":"Siddique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Jamaica Hospital Medical Center  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzzafar","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5607-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Idalsoaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-4930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Antonio","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0009-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gene","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwani K.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Louisville School of Medicine and University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center  Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4413-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stravitz\u2010Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-7858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Qasim","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Stravitz\u2010Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine  Richmond Virginia 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