{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:34:00Z","timestamp":1771047240617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic liver disease (CLD) are each associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the impact of coexisting IBD and CLD on pregnancy remains understudied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess CLD prevalence among pregnant women with and without IBD and evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of delivery hospitalisations among women \u2265\u200918\u2009years using the 2016\u20132022 United States National Inpatient Sample. Deliveries were categorised as IBD\u2009+\u2009CLD, IBD, CLD or neither using ICD\u201010 codes. Weighted multivariable regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities and cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 21,304,600 deliveries, 178,025 had CLD, 47,555 had IBD and 680 had IBD\u2009+\u2009CLD. Chronic viral hepatitis was the most common CLD, while autoimmune liver disease accounted for half of cirrhosis in IBD\u2009+\u2009CLD. Compared to IBD or CLD, IBD\u2009+\u2009CLD had higher odds of hyperemesis gravidarum (2.64 vs. 3.68), preterm birth (2.50 vs. 1.69), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (1.96 vs. 1.60), caesarean delivery (1.92 vs. 1.61), perinatal mood disorder (1.75 vs. 1.45) and premature rupture of membranes (1.35 vs. 1.39). IBD\u2009+\u2009CLD had greater odds of fetal death (1.97) versus CLD and of severe maternal morbidity (1.76) and postpartum haemorrhage (1.56) versus IBD. All\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coexisting IBD and CLD confer compounded maternal and perinatal risks beyond either condition alone. Multidisciplinary care and risk\u2010based screening for underlying CLD in pregnant women are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:26:51Z","timestamp":1761218811000},"page":"696-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Comorbid Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8409-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1497-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Papamichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren T.","family":"Grinspan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Liver Diseases Recanati\/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam S.","family":"Cheifetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Spiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Kushner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College Cornell University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College Cornell University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loren G.","family":"Rabinowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality \u201cNational Inpatient Sample\u201d https:\/\/hcup\u2010us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"CDC \u201cIdentifying Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM). Maternal Infant Health \u201d (2024) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/maternal\u2010infant\u2010health\/php\/severe\u2010maternal\u2010morbidity\/icd.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.228924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists \u201cAlcohol Abuse and Other Substance Use Disorders: Ethical Issues in Obstetric and Gynecologic Practice \u201d (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco\u2010jcc\/jjv006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.13946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.17039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aoa.0000827792.55975.f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102018\u2010317610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2025.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2234813"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.70425","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apt.70425","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.70425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:05:31Z","timestamp":1770998731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.70425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.70425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.70425","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}