{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:48:29Z","timestamp":1776448109979,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised trials such as the STOPAH trial questioned the efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX) and provided mixed evidence for corticosteroids (CS) in alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis (AH). We aimed to assess temporal trends in the use of PTX and CS in Alberta and to evaluate the real\u2010world effectiveness of CS using a target trial emulation approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a population\u2010based cohort study using linked administrative, laboratory and pharmaceutical data from Alberta, Canada. Adults hospitalised with AH between 2012 and 2023 who met National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) criteria were included. Joinpoint regression evaluated changes in medication use and mortality trends. A sequence of emulated target trials estimated the effect of initiating CS within 7\u2009days on 30\u2010 and 90\u2010day mortality. Among 2706 admissions (2138 patients), PTX use declined sharply after 2014 and was nearly absent after 2016. CS use increased modestly during the same period. Thirty\u2010day mortality decreased gradually after 2016, while 90\u2010day mortality remained stable. In 1365 patients with MELD \u2265\u200920, CS use was associated with a non\u2010significant 2% absolute reduction in 30\u2010day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.73\u20131.03), with no effect at 90\u2009days. No benefit was observed in patients with MELD &gt;\u200935.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RCT evidence led to a rapid reversal in PTX prescribing prior to formal guideline updates. Real\u2010world data support a modest short\u2010term benefit of CS and illustrate the potential of target trial emulation to assess treatment effectiveness in specific groups of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T10:25:29Z","timestamp":1767781529000},"page":"1246-1255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Evolving Evidence on Pharmacological Therapy for Alcohol\u2010Associated Hepatitis in Alberta: A Population\u2010Based Study of Practice Trends and\n                    <scp>MELD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Stratified Effectiveness of Corticosteroids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Abdel\u2010Aziz","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Health Services Calgary Health Zone  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Tkachuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan G.","family":"Abraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Unit University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta 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