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However, the renal safety profiles of first\u2010line nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) for CHB\u2014tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and entecavir (ETV) have not been comprehensively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the renal safety of ETV, TDF, and TAF in general and special populations with CHB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this narrative review, relevant studies in PubMed were identified using a range of keywords, followed by manual screening of reference lists to capture additional sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on current randomised and real\u2010world evidence, TDF may cause more nephrotoxic effects than ETV in patients with pre\u2010existing moderate\u2010to\u2010severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the two agents may have similar renal safety profiles among patients with no or mild baseline renal impairment. Randomised data showed that TAF is significantly less nephrotoxic than TDF in different clinical settings. Retrospective data from both treatment\u2010na\u00efve and \u2010experienced patients, as well as special populations, including patients with renal impairment, kidney transplant, advanced age, and acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure, indicated that TAF may be more likely to improve renal function compared to ETV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current first\u2010line NUCs show comparable renal safety profiles in CHB patients with no or mild kidney dysfunction, with growing evidence that favours TAF. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings, and more research should focus on CHB patients with diabetes mellitus who are at risk of CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:06:17Z","timestamp":1770105977000},"page":"945-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Review Article: Renal Safety Profiles of Tenofovir Alafenamide, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, and Entecavir for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection\u2014General and Special Populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lung\u2010Yi","family":"Mak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung\u2010Hui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung College of Medicine  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desmond Y. 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