{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:42:31Z","timestamp":1791495751021,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction (MetD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently coexist as synergistic risk factors for steatotic liver disease. Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) are established therapies for MetD, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Recent studies suggested potential beneficial effects of GLP\u20101RA to decrease addictive behaviours in AUD. We evaluated the outcomes of GLP\u20101RA therapy compared with FDA\u2010approved pharmacotherapies for AUD, including naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram, in patients with dual risk factors of MetD and AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients at Stanford Health Care (2017\u20132025). Eligible patients had a concurrent diagnosis of alcohol\u2010related complications meeting criteria for AUD and MetD, including obesity (BMI &gt;\u200925) and\/or a history of T2DM with HbA1c &gt;\u20095.7. Those with advanced liver disease within 1\u2009year of diagnosis were excluded. Exposure groups included \u2265\u20096\u2009months of GLP\u20101RA therapy (semaglutide or tirzepatide) in comparison with FDA\u2010approved pharmacotherapies for AUD. Propensity score matching was employed to reduce the effects of confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 1946 patients were diagnosed concurrently with AUD and MetD. Of them, 274 patients were exposed to GLP\u20101RA, 1272 to naltrexone, 232 to acamprosate, and 168 to disulfiram. Patients were followed for an average of 1341\u2009days. Patients exposed to GLP\u20101RA had higher BMI (35.5 vs. 30.1) and more T2DM (66% vs. 14%). GLP\u20101RA therapy was associated with lower 1\u2010year AUD relapse [IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42\u20130.73;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01], greater BMI reduction (\u22121.3 vs. \u20130.3;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), and HbA1c improvement (\u22121.0 vs. +0.1;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). The incidence of decompensated cirrhosis trended lower but was not statistically significant [HR 0.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.09]. Mortality was similar.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101RAs are a promising option for patients with concurrent MetD and AUD, improving relapse rates and metabolic outcomes compared with currently FDA\u2010approved pharmacotherapies for AUD. Trends toward better liver outcomes support further prospective evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:40:59Z","timestamp":1773286859000},"page":"1507-1516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real\u2010World Alcohol Use Disorder Outcomes in Patients With Concurrent Metabolic Dysfunction:\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Receptor Agonists Versus\n                    <scp>FDA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Approved\n                    <scp>AUD<\/scp>\n                    Medications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7346-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Gougol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University  Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University  Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atropos Health Inc  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0902-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Farokhnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atropos Health Inc  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Gombar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atropos Health Inc  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Mirminachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-0518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00759-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.20294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agw040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2025.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304286"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. 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