{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:28:58Z","timestamp":1790612938227,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolomic analysis in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has identified metabotypes enriched in faecal short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but it remains unclear whether this reflects rapid colonic transit or if these metabolites actively contribute to pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to determine whether an SCFA metabotype could be identified within a cohort of patients with moderate\u2013severe IBS\u2010D and assess whether this metabotype associated with greater clinical severity, alterations in gut transit time and specific microbiome features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a post hoc cross\u2010sectional exploratory analysis of baseline data from the multicentre, randomised, placebo\u2010controlled trial of ondansetron in IBS\u2010D (TRITON: ISRCTN17508514). Faecal volatile organic compounds were profiled by GC\u2013MS. The microbiome was characterised by whole\u2010genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to identify an SCFA\u2010enriched metabotype and non\u2010negative matrix factorisation (NMF) enabled the derivation of complementary metabosignatures by assessing continuous gradients in metabolite composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A SCFA\u2010enriched metabotype was identified in 20\/63 participants (31.7%). This metabotype was associated with more severe abdominal pain, urgency, increased stool frequency and faster whole\u2010gut transit. NMF identified three metabosignatures: S3 was typified by a high proportion of SCFAs and captured the SCFA\u2010enriched metabotype, while S1 and S2 corresponded to the non\u2010SCFA (\u201cOther\u201d) metabotype. SCFA relative abundance positively correlated with symptom severity and inversely correlated with transit time. The Other metabotype and S1\/S2 signatures were enriched in taxa linked to slower transit, whereas S3 showed no overlapping taxa with the SCFA metabotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A faecal metabotype enriched in SCFAs associated with an IBS\u2010D phenotype characterised by pain, urgency, rapid transit and higher stool frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:48:15Z","timestamp":1776433695000},"page":"208-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Emerging Short Chain Fatty Acid Enriched Metabotype in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Potential Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. E.","family":"Conley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Liverpool University Foundation NHS Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park  Norwich UK"},{"name":"Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park  Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3563-4874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Modasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Liverpool University Foundation NHS Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Hildebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park  Norwich UK"},{"name":"Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park  Norfolk UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Spiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. S.","family":"Probert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Liverpool University Foundation NHS Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00072-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/abf1d0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31829a91f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.09.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/2\/026001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-014-0650-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2274128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01775.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01856-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309618"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-329359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ondansetron for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhoea: Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"10","author":"Gunn D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90837-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Optimisation of Sample Preparation for Direct SPME\u2010GC\u2010MS Analysis of Murine and Human Faecal Volatile Organic Compounds for Metabolomic Studies","volume":"5","author":"Reade S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317715"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01365-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90012-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000541"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01613-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00283.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2240050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-259598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00153.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00973"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.70677","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apt.70677","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.70677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T21:37:19Z","timestamp":1782509839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.70677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.70677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.70677","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}