{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:05:59Z","timestamp":1789182359116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"Korea National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\u2010ER1904\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\u2010ER1904\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010selective beta blockers (NSBBs) are well established for the prevention of variceal bleeding; however, their potential roles beyond this indication remain a matter of debate. We investigated the clinical outcomes of beta\u2010blocker use in patients with cirrhosis after hospitalisation for cirrhotic complications, excluding variceal bleeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we conducted an emulated target trial among 7725 patients with viral hepatitis\u2010related cirrhosis hospitalised for hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, and\/or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (2013\u20132023), comparing beta\u2010blocker users (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092455) and non\u2010users (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095270). The primary outcome was all\u2010cause death within 6\u2009months; the secondary outcome was rehospitalisation within 3\u2009months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to beta\u2010blocker non\u2010users, those receiving beta\u2010blocker therapy had a lower risk of all\u2010cause death within 6\u2009months [cumulative incidence of mortality 7.8% in beta\u2010blocker users vs. 11.0% in non\u2010users; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68\u20130.97]. A lower risk of all\u2010cause death associated with beta\u2010blocker use was observed across complication types and patient subgroups. When analysed by dose and agent, each compared with non\u2010use, an association with lower mortality was observed for low\u2010dose beta blockers (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59\u20130.94) and for carvedilol (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32\u20130.94), whereas associations for moderate\u2010to\u2010high\u2010dose therapy (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71\u20131.15) and propranolol (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.72\u20131.04) were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010selective beta blockers\u00a0were associated with reduced mortality and a modest reduction in all\u2010cause readmission among patients with viral hepatitis\u2010related cirrhosis after non\u2010bleeding decompensating events (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      : NCT06977685).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T12:35:43Z","timestamp":1782131743000},"page":"940-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non\u2010Selective Beta\u2010Blocker Use Is Associated With Lower Mortality After Decompensation in Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Target Trial Emulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9418-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong Geun","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul South 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