{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:06:13Z","timestamp":1789977973059,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between medications\u2014including non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)\u2014and microscopic colitis (MC) remains controversial. While earlier studies suggested increased risk, more recent analyses have challenged these findings, citing methodological limitations. We evaluated the risk of MC among commonly implicated medications using a large national U.S. database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the TriNetX database (2014\u20132024), we conducted a retrospective cohort study including adults \u2265\u200950\u2009years with at least one documented healthcare encounter and no prior MC or inflammatory bowel disease. Exposure was defined as \u2265\u20093 prescriptions within a drug class. Treatment groups (NSAIDs, PPIs, SSRIs, ACE inhibitors [ACEIs], angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], statins) were 1:1 propensity score\u2010matched (PSM) to untreated controls on age, sex, race, comorbidities and previous colonoscopy. The primary outcome was incident MC, identified by new diagnostic codes. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After PSM, cohorts included 907,266 NSAID, 750,009 PPI, 308,310 SSRI, 393,952 ACEI, 298,480 ARB users and 548,339 statin users. Over 2\u2009years, MC risk was increased with NSAIDs (HR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.30), PPIs (HR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19\u20131.54) and SSRIs (HR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.27\u20131.83). ACEIs, ARBs and statins were not associated with MC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large cohort, NSAIDs, PPIs and SSRIs were associated with an increased risk of MC, whereas no significant association was observed for ACEIs, ARBs or statins. Medication review should be considered in patients with new\u2010onset chronic diarrhoea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:53:22Z","timestamp":1789977202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medication Use and Risk of Microscopic Colitis: A Propensity\u2010Matched Analysis of US Adults \u2265\u200950\u2009Years (2014\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine","family":"Kilani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Heis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Dugaesescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4205-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Hamdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wissam","family":"Kiwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5759-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Y.","family":"Madi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00273-2","article-title":"Microscopic Colitis","volume":"7","author":"Burke K. 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