{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T10:41:53Z","timestamp":1696416113277},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The usage of timed artificial insemination (TAI) at a low cost leading to better reproductive rates has been the aim of several research groups in the field. Usually during TAI protocols, sustained progesterone (P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) release devices are employed. Most devices are constituted of a nylon skeleton covered with a silicon layer with P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. A device based on biopolymers was developed in order to reduce costs and decrease its environmental impact. In this study, we compared the kinetics of sustained progesterone release among devices manufactured with a polymeric blend made of polyhydroxybutyrate\u2010valerate (PHBV) and poly\u2010\u03b5\u2010caprolactone (PCL) (DISP) which were compared with DIB\u00ae (Internal Bovine Device) used as the control. In the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> progesterone release tests, two types of biopolymer\u2010based devices with a superficial area of 147\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> were used: DISP8 (46% PHBV, 46% PCL and 8% P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04), DISP10 (45% PHBV, 45% PCL, 10% P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04) and DIB\u00ae (1\u00a0g P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, 120\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> area; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03). The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> tests were carried out according to USP XXIII specifications and were performed in a dissolutor sink using an alcohol\/water mixture (60\/40\u00a0v\/v) as a release media and samples were collected at 2\u00a0min, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96\u00a0h. P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentrations were measured through spectrophotometry in a 244\u00a0nm long wave. Three to 3 comparisons of angular coefficients of the straight lines obtained by regression analysis of accumulated P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentrations as a function of square root of time were carried out. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient values of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were also determined for DISP8 and DISP10. The results showed that the concentrations of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were higher in the DISP10 (774.63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a045.26\u00a0\u03bcg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/t<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/2<\/jats:sup>) compared to DISP8 (566.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.68\u00a0\u03bcg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/t<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/2<\/jats:sup>) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). However, both DISP10 and DISP8 P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentrations did not differ from DIB\u00ae (677.39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.13\u00a0\u03bcg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/t<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>\/2<\/jats:sup>). For the analysis of released quantities per day of the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> test, four periods were considered: 0\u201324, 24\u201348, 48\u201372 and 72\u201396\u00a0h. In the first 24\u00a0h, DISP8 released significantly less P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> than DISP10 or DIB\u00ae, which did not differ among them. Between 24 and 48\u00a0h, DISP10 released significantly more P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> than DIB\u00ae. DISP8 released an intermediate P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> amount and did not differ significantly from DIB\u00ae or DISP10. Between 48 and 72\u00a0h, P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> quantity released by DISP10 was significant higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) than that of DIB\u00ae and DISP8, which did not differ among themselves. Between 72 and 96\u00a0h, DISP10 released significantly more P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> than DIB\u00ae, and DISP8 released an intermediate amount which did not differ from DIB\u00ae or DISP10 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). There was interaction between treatment and time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0024). The diffusion coefficient values were: 1.36 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup> (cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s) for DISP10 and 1.12 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup> (cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s) for DISP8. For the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> test, ovariectomized crossbred cows received DIB\u00ae (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04) or DISP8 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) in an alternate design with a non\u2010balanced sequence (cross\u2010over) added of measures repeated in time referring to 16\u00a0days of blood samples collection. Samples were analyzed through radioimmunoassay in solid phase using the commercial kit of DPC (Diagnostics Products Corporation). Plasma concentrations of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> peaked at 4\u00a0h after the placement of the device, this being the only time in which plasma P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentrations differed between DIB\u00ae (11.45\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.96) compared with DISP8 (9.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.15\u00a0ng\/mL) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027). On day 8, plasma P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentrations were similar for DIB\u00ae (2.44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09) and DISP8 (1.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13\u00a0ng\/mL) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.58) showing that both devices were able to keep P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> concentrations above 1\u00a0ng\/mL in the plasma of the cow during the 16 day <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> test. In conclusion, devices manufactured with the blend of PHBV\/PCL biopolymers can sustain the release of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in a similar manner as silicon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T07:36:20Z","timestamp":1493192180000},"page":"1658-1669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of the usage of biodegradable polymeric matrix in vaginal devices to sustain progesterone release in cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Rodrigo Valim","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia Pirassununga SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Maturana Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia 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