{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1784919807329,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study evaluated the effects of<jats:italic>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/jats:italic>on duodenal digestive enzymes, morphology and cytokine induction response in broiler chicken. A total of 200 birds were allotted into two groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100) and each group divided into five replications (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020). The control group was fed basal diet in addition to antibiotic (virginiamycin 20\u00a0mg\/kg), and treatment group received (1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u00a0colony\u2010forming units\/kg feed)<jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>in addition to basal diet lasting for 72\u00a0days. The results compared to control group revealed that adenosine triphosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, lipase and trypsin activities were higher, while, no significant improvement was observed in amylase activities in the duodenum of the treatment group. Moreover, morphological findings showed that villus height, width and number of goblet cells markedly increased. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy visualized that villus height, width and structural condensation significantly increased in the treatment group. The immunohistological observations showed increased numbers of immunoglobulin A (IgA)\u2010positive cells in the duodenum of the treatment group. Meanwhile, cytokine production levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL)\u201010, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 and secretory IgA markedly increased, and IL\u20106 statistically remained unchanged as compared to the control group. These findings illustrated that initial contact of<jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>to the duodenum has significant impact in improving enzymatic activity, intestinal morphology and cytokine response in broiler chicken.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1481113940000},"page":"1204-1211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Oral administration of<i>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/i>alters duodenal morphology, enzymatic activity and cytokine production response in broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Yajing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences Shantou University China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran Rashid","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences Shantou University China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Technology North West Agriculture and Forestry University China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asif","family":"Arain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences Shantou University China"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences Uthal Balochistan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences Shantou University China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dost Muhammad","family":"Baloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences Uthal Balochistan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.7.2747-2753.1997","article-title":"The human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LA1 secretes a non\u2010bacteriocin antibacterial substance(s) active in vitro and in vivo","volume":"63","author":"Bernet\u2010Camard MF","year":"1997","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.6.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-9016-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharides on suppression of intestinal colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens","volume":"36","author":"Choi KH","year":"1994","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(94)90043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri immunomodulation of gamma\u2010glutamyl transpeptidase through Caco\u20102 cell monolayers","volume":"178","author":"Dunham HJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01479-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.12.3830","article-title":"Effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010beta 1 on IgA isotype expression. 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