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This study was conducted to determine the effects of hyper\u2010 and hypothyroidism on testicular development in prepubertal rats aged 20\u201370\u00a0days. Weaning male rats (20\u00a0days old) until day 70 age were randomly divided into four groups: control, hyperthyroid (hyper\u2010T), hypothyroid (hypo\u2010T) and hypothyroid treated with thyroxine (T4) (hypo\u2010T+T4). The results indicated that thyroid hormones caused a significant effect in body and testis weights, and food and water consumption. In addition there were changes in serum concentrations of tri\u2010iodothyronine, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH)<\/jats:styled-content> and testosterone. Histomorphology showed a significant decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter in hyper\u2010T compared to the other groups. Leydig cell numbers showed a significant elevation in hyper\u2010T but not in hypo\u2010T groups. Immunostaining indicated that TSH receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSHR<\/jats:styled-content>), thyroid hormone receptors \u03b1\/\u03b2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1\u03b2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNA)<\/jats:styled-content> have the roles in testicular development. Our findings suggest that hyper\u2010 and hypo\u2010thyroidism regulate testicular cell proliferation and spermatogenesis in prepubertal rats, indicating that expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSHR<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> TR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1\u03b2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNA<\/jats:styled-content> may be regulated by thyroid hormones that are involved in testicular development; and that the administration of T4 to the hypo\u2010T+T4 group leads to an improvement in the testicular condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T07:42:48Z","timestamp":1502091768000},"page":"1943-1954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of hyper\u2010 and hypothyroidism on the development and proliferation of testicular cells in prepubertal 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