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However, Ovsynch and its adaptations are routinely and uniformly applied to all cows regardless of ovarian function. To evaluate their efficacy on anovulatory cows, 143, 147 and 144 anovulatory cows received Ovsynch, Presynch and G6G protocols, respectively. In comparison, 150 cyclic cows were bred without using a synchronized protocol. Results showed that cows in the Presynch group had luteolysis responding to the last prostaglandin F<jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">(PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) injection greater than the Ovsynch group. The serous progesterone levels at the first gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone of Ovsych and the last <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> injection was greater in the G6G group than the other two hormonal treatment groups. Concentrations of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and total protein in cervical mucus in all three hormone\u2010treated groups before artificial insemination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>) were significantly different from the controls. The G6G group obtained a greater pregnancy rate compared with Ovsynch and Presynch, but significantly less than the controls. For open cows in the Ovsynch group, estrus rate within 24\u00a0days after the first <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly less than the controls. In conclusion, the G6G treatment resulted to better reproductive performance in anovulatory cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T13:57:56Z","timestamp":1515592676000},"page":"640-647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of three hormonal protocols for anovulatory lactating cows under regulations restricting the use of estrogenic compounds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Guang\u2010Min","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Oceanography Minjiang University Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Bioresource Science Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi\u2010Hiroshima 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