{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:54:01Z","timestamp":1780466041291,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31402099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31402099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was using a wide range of dietary concentrate levels to investigate the major effects of limit\u2010feeding on heifers. Twenty\u2010four Holstein heifers were blocked into six groups and fed with one of four diets containing different levels of concentrate (20%, 40%, 60% and 80% on a dry matter (DM) basis) but with same intakes of metabolizable energy for 28\u00a0days. Increasing levels of dietary concentrate caused decreased (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02) intakes of dry matter (DMI) and neutral detergent fiber and total rumination time, but increased (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) nonfiberous carbohydrates intake, ruminal concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010N, propionate and butyrate, and digestibility of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> and crude protein. Dietary concentrate levels had no significant effect on most plasma concentrations and body measurements. The corrected average daily gain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADG<\/jats:styled-content>) and feed efficency (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CFE<\/jats:styled-content>) were linearly increased (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) with increasing dietary concentrate levels when gut fill impact was removed. In conclusion, heifers limit\u2010fed high concentrate diets increased most ruminal fermentation parameters, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADG<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content> with similar body growth and blood metabolites as heifers fed low concentrate diets, and had the potential to be used as an effective feeding strategy in dairy heifers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T10:32:50Z","timestamp":1513074770000},"page":"527-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of limit\u2010feeding diets with different forage\u2010to\u2010concentrate ratios on nutrient intake, rumination, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, blood parameters and growth in Holstein heifers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(87)90069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists","author":"AOAC","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas86-072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72769-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73142-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(89)79081-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(00)74975-7","article-title":"Development of a cost analysis spreadsheet for calculating the costs to raise a replacement dairy heifer","volume":"83","author":"Gabler MT","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8879","article-title":"Short communication: Limit feeding affects behavior patterns and feeding motivation of dairy heifers","volume":"98","author":"Greter AM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77656-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Potential of alternative dairy replacement Heifer nutrition programs to reduce economic cost and environmental impact","volume":"21","author":"Hoffman PC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in Dairy Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3767","article-title":"Effect of the provision of a low\u2010nutritive feedstuff on the behavior of dairy heifers limit fed a high\u2010concentrate ration","volume":"94","author":"Kitts BL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2005059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74271-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2008.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1176","article-title":"Short communication: Effect of changing the ratio of forage to concentrate on ammonia emissions by dairy heifers","volume":"91","author":"Lascano GJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74179-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(81)82692-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5580","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0570","article-title":"Nutrient utilization of differing forage\u2010to\u2010concentrate ratios by growing Holstein heifers","volume":"90","author":"Moody ML","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"NRC","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.7.994","article-title":"Effects of diet forage\u2010to\u2010concentrate ratio and intake on energy metabolism in growing beef Heifers: Whole body energy and nitrogen balance and visceral heat production","volume":"121","author":"Reynolds CK","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Nutriton"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058830"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19740073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800053492","article-title":"Effects of diet and stage of development on partitioning of nutrients between fat and lean deposition in steers","volume":"76","author":"Scollan ND","year":"2003","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5184","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6155","article-title":"Chewing activities and particle size of rumen digesta and feces of precision\u2010fed dairy heifers fed different forage levels with increasing levels of distillers grains","volume":"96","author":"Suarez\u2010Mena FX","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9636"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.821129x","article-title":"Energy requirements of cattle for standing and for ingestion, estimated by a ruminal emptying technique","volume":"82","author":"Susenbeth A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73968-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1977.442282x","article-title":"Evaluation of acid\u2010insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies","volume":"44","author":"Vankeulen J","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Research progress of nutrient requirements for replacement heifers in different growing stages","volume":"26","author":"Wang Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(70)86293-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.70103215x","article-title":"A computer model to predict empty body weight in cattle from diet and animal characteristics","volume":"70","author":"Williams CB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72776-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(77)83821-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10316","article-title":"Efficiency and rumen responses in younger and older Holstein heifers limit\u2010fed diets of differing energy density","volume":"99","author":"Zanton GI","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2003.185","article-title":"Fertility of Holstein cows in Chengdu, China","volume":"16","author":"Zi XD","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian\u2010Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"}],"container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fasj.12959","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/asj.12959","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T01:59:48Z","timestamp":1695693588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/asj.12959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/asj.12959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/asj.12959","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1344-3941","1740-0929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1344-3941","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-0929","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]]}}}