{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:39:17Z","timestamp":1778589557095,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31601957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31601957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we irradiated <jats:italic>Astragalus<\/jats:italic> polysaccharides (APS) using 25\u00a0kGy <jats:sup>60<\/jats:sup>Co \u03b3 ray to obtain \u03b3\u2010irradiated <jats:italic>Astragalus<\/jats:italic> polysaccharides (IAPS) and then investigated the effects of IAPS on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide (CPM)\u2010treated broilers. The physicochemical properties of APS and IAPS (molecular weight, water solubility, viscosity, morphological and structural properties) were evaluated. Then, 384 one\u2010day\u2010old Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the non\u2010treated group (control), and CPM\u2010treated groups were fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900\u00a0mg\/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300\u00a0mg\/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5\u00a0ml CPM (40\u00a0mg\/kg\u00b7BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5\u00a0ml sterilized saline (0.75%, wt\/vol). This trial lasted for 21\u00a0days. The physicochemical treatment showed that \u03b3 irradiation could decrease the molecular weight and viscosity, and increase the water solubility of APS (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05), whereas the structural properties of APS was not affected. In the animal trial, 900\u00a0mg\/kg APS or 900, 600\u00a0mg\/kg IAPS relieved the decreased growth performance, thymus index, T lymphocytes proliferation, serum IgG concentration, NOS activity and the increased blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in CPM\u2010treated broilers (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). CPM\u2010induced decreases in B lymphocytes proliferation and serum IgM concentration were only increased by IAPS at 900\u00a0mg\/kg (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). Overall, both APS and IAPS alleviated CPM\u2010induced immunosuppression. Especially, IAPS possessed better immunomodulatory effect than APS, indicating that \u03b3 irradiation could be used as an effective method to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T03:15:37Z","timestamp":1542683737000},"page":"117-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Immunomodulatory effect of \u03b3\u2010irradiated <i>Astragalus<\/i> polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaolong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2007.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.3.364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.09.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew336","article-title":"Effects of dietary vitamin e type on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity in cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed broilers","volume":"96","author":"Cheng K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjas.v38i1-2.9909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2004.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.11.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2013.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2013.778832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.8.1193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"366","article-title":"Effects of arginine on cytokines and nitric oxide synthesis in broilers","volume":"25","author":"Guo Y. W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation","volume":"54","author":"Guzik T. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2011.00918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-014-1101-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.02.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.200451216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8719(02)00163-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-02022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-013-9713-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.83122775x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.04.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of poultry","author":"National Research Council","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcdf.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00073-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0620923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2009.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Pectins & pectinases","author":"Yamada H.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00128"}],"container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fasj.13133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/asj.13133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T18:14:07Z","timestamp":1694715247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/asj.13133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/asj.13133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/asj.13133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1344-3941","1740-0929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1344-3941","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-0929","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}