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Twelve multiparous lactating Holstein cows, four of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a replicated 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04 Latin square experimental design with a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows fed wild\u2010rye hay diets had longer daily eating times than cows fed oaten hay diets. Treatments had no effect on ruminating time; therefore, resting time varied inversely to eating time. Neither the rate nor the amount of saliva secretion while eating, ruminating, or resting was affected by diet, resulting in similar total daily saliva secretions across treatments (231\u00a0L\/day). Total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the ruminal fluid from animals fed oaten hay diets were higher than those from animals fed wild\u2010rye hay diets; further, VFAs increased with decreasing forage particle size (FPS). Consistent with elevated VFA concentrations, reducing FPS and including oaten hay in the diet decreased mean ruminal pH and increased the daily time of ruminal pH under 5.8. Results of this study suggest that forage source and particle size affect ruminal pH might be via variations in VFA production rather than increased salivary recycling of buffering substrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T22:38:56Z","timestamp":1548023936000},"page":"382-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of forage source and particle size on chewing activity, ruminal pH, and saliva secretion in lactating Holstein cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Gui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University  Taian P. R. 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