{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:51:10Z","timestamp":1788925870742,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]],"date-time":"2019-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["16X07910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16X07910"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Artificial insemination using sex\u2010sorted semen is employed to efficiently increase the number of female dairy calves born. Previous studies have determined that using sex\u2010sorted semen is beneficial to improve the management, but the mechanism by which it increases cattle numbers through objective indices of breeding remains unclear. This study focused on a Brown Swiss cattle herd in which frozen female sex\u2010sorted semen was systematically employed to increase the number of cattle. We analyzed the correlation between the increase in the number of cattle and the screening accuracy of sex\u2010sorted semen, measuring indices such as pregnancy rate and birth rate of female calves. Study revealed that: (1) production cost for female calves is influenced by the pregnancy rate, rate of female calves, and using sex\u2010sorted semen is less expensive than using nonsorted semen; (2) improvements in screening accuracy nearly doubled the number of cows and tripled the number of heifers in 5\u00a0years; and (3) use of sex\u2010sorted semen improved milk quality. The pregnancy rate was lower when sex\u2010sorted semen was used, but the birth rate of heifers was improved. Results suggest that artificial insemination using sex\u2010sorted semen is beneficial because it economically produces offspring to increase the herd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:15:05Z","timestamp":1549844105000},"page":"597-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Economic evaluation of artificial insemination of sex\u2010sorted semen on a Brown Swiss dairy farm\u2014A case study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Osada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University  Musashino Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Iwabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University  Musashino Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tochigi Prefecture Ozasa Farm Tochigi Dairy Farmers Cooperative  Nikko Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kika","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tochigi Prefecture Ozasa Farm Tochigi Dairy Farmers Cooperative  Nikko Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ushijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University  Musashino Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7221-5540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeyuki","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University  Musashino Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Animal husbandry management","author":"Arai H","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"Artificial Insemination Association Japan(AIAJ). (2017).Situation on insemination of Japanese Black semen to Holetein cows. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/aiaj.lin.gr.jp\/3\/H29.12.25sokuhou.pdf. (In Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12828"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Problems and solutions to sex\u2010sorted semen, livestock artificial insemination (AI)","volume":"284","author":"Hamano S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Japan Association for Livestock Artificial Insemination"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12280"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Verification of sex selection semen contributions to successor cattle","volume":"34","author":"Kataoka M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Artificial Insemination"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Conditions for the introduction and current status of the use of sexed semen for dairy cattle","volume":"52","author":"Kawano Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Farm Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"Statistical survey on livestock","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Declining fertility in today's dairy cows: Causes and possible solutions","volume":"32","author":"Nakao T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Yamaguchi Journal of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2508\/chikusan.84.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"The role of guaranteed offspring and public breeding farms in prefectural dairy farming","volume":"10","author":"Osada M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Latest Agricultural Technology. 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