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This study investigated the association between the behavior of dairy cattle and the acceleration data collected using three\u2010axis neck\u2010mounted accelerometers, as well as the feasibility of improving the precision of behavior classifications through machine learning. In total 38 Holstein dairy cows were used, and kept in four different farms. A logger was mounted to each collar to obtain acceleration data for calculating the activity level and variations. At the same time the behavior of the cattle was observed visually. Characteristic acceleration waves were recorded for eating, rumination, and lying, respectively; and the activity level and variations were significantly different among these behaviors (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Decision tree learning was performed on the data set from Farm A and validated its precision; which proved to be 99.2% in cross\u2010validation, and 100% in test data sets from Farms B to D. This study showed that highly precise classifications for eating, rumination, and lying is possible by using decision tree learning to calculate the activity level and variations of cattle based on the data obtained by three\u2010axis accelerometers mounted to a collar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T05:13:27Z","timestamp":1550466807000},"page":"589-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Dairy cattle behavior classifications based on decision tree learning using 3\u2010axis neck\u2010mounted accelerometers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8982-5719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Tamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences Gifu University  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Iwate Agricultural Mutual Aid Association  Morioka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperate Department of Veterinary Medicine Iwate University  Morioka Japan"},{"name":"Iwate Agricultural Mutual Aid Association  Morioka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Iwate University  Morioka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizu","family":"Koshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Industry Research Institute Iwate Agricultural Research Center  Takizawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperate Department of Veterinary Medicine Iwate University  Morioka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Chida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bycen Co., LTD.  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