{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:17:09Z","timestamp":1776525429010,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":112,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In mammals, hyperactivation is essential for sperm fertilization with oocytes in vivo. Two types of hyperactivation \u201cfull\u2010type and nonfull\u2010type patterns\u201d can be observed in the spermatozoa from boars, bulls, and mice. We have a hypothesis that the full\u2010type hyperactivation is a physiological (in vivo) pattern and are elucidating its molecular bases. The aims of this study were to detect calmodulin in boar sperm flagella by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence and to investigate effects of extracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and calmodulin antagonists \u201cW\u20107 and W\u20105 (W\u20105; a less potent antagonist)\u201d on the occurrence of full\u2010type hyperactivation in boar spermatozoa. Calmodulin was specifically detected as the 17\u2010kDa antigen in the flagella and postacrosomal region of the heads. Full\u2010type hyperactivation could be induced effectively in the samples incubated with 3.42\u00a0mM CaCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    for 120\u2013180\u00a0min, and it was significantly reduced in the concentration\u2010dependent manners of W\u20107 and W\u20105. Suppressing effects of W\u20107 on the full\u2010type hyperactivation were stronger than those of W\u20105. These observations indicate that flagellar calmodulin is involved in the occurrence of extracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010dependent full\u2010type hyperactivation in boar spermatozoa. This is the first indication of the intracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010sensing molecule which can function in the full\u2010type hyperactivation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T04:58:40Z","timestamp":1619153920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Calmodulin is involved in the occurrence of extracellular Ca\n                    <sup>2+<\/sup>\n                    \u2010dependent full\u2010type hyperactivation in boar ejaculated spermatozoa incubated with cyclic AMP analogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Wada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Division of Animal Science Department of Bioresource Science Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0583-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Harayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Division of Animal Science Department of Bioresource Science Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.19172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.100.6.1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of calmodulin in intact and acrosome\u2010reacted boar sperm","volume":"41","author":"Camatini M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"European Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2536658100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.096578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Characteristics of sperm motility in boar semen diluted in different extenders and stored for seven days at 18 degrees C","volume":"7","author":"Estienne M. 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