{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:12:07Z","timestamp":1779297127269,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":298,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJAS2006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJAS2006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJSA1404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSA1404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Male pronucleus (MPN) formation is a very important physiological event during fertilization, which affects in vitro production of transferrable embryos. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between the number of penetrated sperm and the occurrence of failure of MPN formation in porcine oocytes. In vitro matured porcine oocytes were fertilized in vitro with frozen epididymal sperm. Two different frozen sperm lots were tested in this study, which were different in terms of polyspermy rates. The numbers and the status of penetrated sperm in oocytes were evaluated 10\u2009h after insemination. Under high polyspermy condition, the polyspermy rate was 83.5% with an average mean of 3.5 sperms per penetrated oocyte, whereas the percentage of polyspermy was 65.5% with an average mean of 2.4 sperms per penetrated oocyte under moderate polyspermic condition. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the number of penetrated sperm and their MPN formation percentage both in the sperm lot of high polyspermy (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.560,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and in the sperm lot of moderate polyspermy (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.405,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) which suggests that penetration of excessive spermatozoa disables the oocyte cytoplasm to promote MPN formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T03:34:44Z","timestamp":1635219284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Excess polyspermy reduces the ability of porcine oocytes to promote male pronuclear formation after in vitro fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Hiep Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi University  Yamaguchi Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8176-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh Quang","family":"Dang\u2010Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4882-6878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamas","family":"Somfai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi","family":"Men","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Beck\u2010Woerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences and Facility Management Zurich University of Applied Sciences  W\u00e4denswil Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Viet Linh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bui","family":"Xuan Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1829-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7198-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi University  Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(97)00270-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.4.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00151-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD0207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","article-title":"A simple modification in the in vitro fertilization procedure improved the efficiency of in vitro pig embryo production","volume":"53","author":"Grupen C. 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