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The discovery of genes in a segment\u2010specific approach offers valuable information and understanding concerning fertility status, yet the biology of cattleyak epididymis is still progressing. Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on segment pairs of cattleyak epididymis. The caput versus corpus epididymis provided the highest (57.8%) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), corpus versus cauda (25.1%) followed, whereas caput versus cauda pair (17.1%) had the least DEGs. The expression levels of genes coding <jats:italic>EPHB6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TLR1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MUC20<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MT3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>INHBB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TRPV5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EI24<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PAOX<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>KIF12<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DEPDC5<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>KRT25<\/jats:italic>, which might have the potentials to regulate the homeostasis, innate immunity, differentiation, motility, transport, and sperm maturation\u2010related function in epididymal cells, were downregulated in the distal segment of epididymis. Top enriched KEGG pathways included mTOR, axon guidance, and taste transduction signaling pathways. <jats:italic>EIF4B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EPHB6<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TAS2R42<\/jats:italic> were enriched in the pathways, respectively. Identifying key, new, and unexplored DEGs among the epididymal segments and further analyzing them could boost cattleyak fertility by maximizing sperm quality from genetically better sires and also facilitate better understanding of the epididymal biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1652260628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["RNA\u2010Seq reveals the functional specificity of epididymal caput, corpus, and cauda genes of cattleyak"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal &amp; Pasture Science and Green Agricultural, Key laboratory for sheep, goat and cattle germplasm and straw feed in Gansu Province Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science  Lanzhou 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