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Fear\u2010related behavior in growing female layer chicks may predict FP in adult hens. In this study, in two representative laying breeds (White Leghorn [WL] and Rhode Island Red [RIR]) that have different FP frequencies, we identified a candidate gene associated with fear\u2010related behavior in chicks and FP in adult hens. In the tonic immobility test and open\u2010field test, the behavioral activity was lower in WL chicks than in RIR chicks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), suggesting that WL chicks were more fearful than RIR chicks. Based on previous studies, 51 genes that have been found to be differentially expressed in the brain between high\u2010 and low\u2010FP populations were chosen, and their expression levels were screened in the chick diencephalon. This analysis revealed that myeloperoxidase (<jats:italic>MPO<\/jats:italic>) gene expression level was higher in WL chicks than that in RIR chicks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, STRING analysis predicted the gene network including <jats:italic>MPO<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MPO<\/jats:italic>\u2010related genes and revealed the association of these genes with fear\u2010related behavior. These results suggest that <jats:italic>MPO<\/jats:italic> is potentially associated with fear\u2010related behavior in growing female layer chicks and FP in adult hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T09:09:05Z","timestamp":1667898545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Myeloperoxidase expression in diencephalon is potentially associated with fear\u2010related behavior in chicks of laying hen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Suzuka","family":"Kohno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University  Sendai Miyagi 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