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Male chickens were divided into the control and three experimental groups, and the experimental groups were fed diets containing 50%, 25%, and 0% carbohydrates of the control diet. The structural alterations in enterocytes were examined using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescent techniques for \u03b2\u2010actin and villin. Glucagon\u2010like peptide (GLP)\u20102 and proglucagon mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. Fragmentation and wide gap spaces were frequently observed in the microvilli of the 25% and 0% groups. The length, width, and density of microvilli were also decreased in the experimental groups. The experimental groups had shorter terminal web extensions, and there were substantial changes in the mitochondrial density between the control and experimental groups. Intensities of \u03b2\u2010actin and villin immunofluorescence observed on the apical surface of enterocytes were lower in the 0% group. The frequency of GLP\u20102\u2010immunoreactive and proglucagon mRNA\u2010expressing cells decreased with declining dietary carbohydrate levels. This study revealed that dietary carbohydrates contribute to the structural maintenance of enterocyte microvilli in the chicken ileum. The data from immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays suggest the participation of GLP\u20102 in this maintenance system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T04:55:30Z","timestamp":1706590530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low dietary carbohydrate induces structural alterations in enterocytes of the chicken ileum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0268-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Salahuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology Shinshu University  Kami\u2010ina Nagano 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