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This study aimed to compare the postpartum health status between healthy cows and those diagnoses with inflammatory diseases by examining behavioral and heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) changes, to provide information before the onset of disease. Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. HR, parameters of HRV (low\u2010frequency power: LF; high\u2010frequency power: HF; LF\/HF ratio, and total power) and time budget of individual maintenance behaviors (standing, recumbency, feeding, rumination while standing and lying, and sleep) were continuously recorded from 0 to 168\u2009h postpartum. Milk and blood samples were collected daily. Cows were categorized as diseases based on the positive result of California mastitis test and\/or serum haptoglobin concentration that exceeded 50\u2009\u03bcg\/ml after all blood samples have been collected. Compared to healthy individuals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), diseased cows (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) exhibited higher HR, LF\/HF, and lower total power (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), suggesting the dominance of the sympathetic nervous system in cows with inflammatory diseases. Additionally, diseased cows showed an increased standing time budget and reduced recumbency (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), which may be a behavioral strategy in response to discomfort from inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T05:48:52Z","timestamp":1716961732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of behavioral and physiological changes in postpartum healthy and inflammatory diseased cows"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9147-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen\u2010Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization  Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"Animal Husbandry Division Aichi Agricultural Research Center  Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Yayou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242856"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.77suppl_2101x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845932879.0000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.66.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(88)90018-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2007.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01819137"},{"volume-title":"Progress report restraining ruminants: Upright versus inverted restraining","year":"2014","author":"Gerritzen M. 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