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Ovaries were collected from females with poor reproductive efficiency in the tropical climate, and cumulus\u2010oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved from large antral follicles. COCs were cultured with varying concentrations of L\u2010carnitine (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5\u2009mg\/mL for goats; 0, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5\u2009mg\/mL for cattle). Cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation were assessed, while bovine oocytes underwent in\u00a0vitro fertilization. Here, L\u2010carnitine enhanced cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation, with the highest maturation rates at 1\u2009mg\/mL in goats and 0.375 and 0.5\u2009mg\/mL in cattle. Fertilization rates in cattle improved with L\u2010carnitine supplementation, particularly at 0.375 and 0.5\u2009mg\/mL. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that L\u2010carnitine modulates pathways related to oxidative stress reduction, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis identified key regulatory genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>SOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SIRT3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IGFBP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PRL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NOX4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HMOX1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>LEP<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>AKT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which may mediate L\u2010carnitine's effects on oocyte maturation and fertilization. In conclusion, L\u2010carnitine supplementation enhances oocyte competence possibly by improving cellular metabolism and reducing oxidative stress, providing valuable insights for optimizing assisted reproductive technologies in ruminants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.70102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T03:40:37Z","timestamp":1757562037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["L\u2010Carnitine Modulates Oocyte Development and Cumulus Expansion in Tropical Ruminants: Experimental and Bioinformatics Insights"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Mst\u00a0Mamata","family":"Akter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh 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