{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T04:14:51Z","timestamp":1773634491768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":69,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated the impact of supervised dataset content on the accuracy of object detection Artificial Intelligence (AI) model for detecting eating postures (EP) in broilers. The findings confirmed that (1) more individuals in EP did not necessarily improve the AI model's detection accuracy, and using still images with different numbers of such individuals could enhance the AI model's ability to detect EP. (2) Including both EP and postures similar to eating postures (SEP) was found to improve detection accuracy; additionally, adding still images that contain only SEP also enhanced detection accuracy; moreover, accuracy was higher when EP and SEP were included in the same still image than in separate images. (3) Ensuring an equal proportion of still images containing different numbers of individuals in EP and in SEP was necessary. Furthermore, a tool to estimate broiler feed intake in real time was prototyped. Using this tool, eight feed intake estimations of 0.5\u2009h were conducted for five broilers under group management, resulting in the mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.3\u2009g and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 13.3%, indicating good estimation accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.70162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:42:22Z","timestamp":1773214942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Eating Posture Detection Artificial Intelligence Models Trained on Different Supervised Datasets and Prototyping of Real\u2010Time Feed Intake Estimation Tool for Broilers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7815-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Horiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2021.11.1.0263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2015.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2013.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11118\/actaun201260040015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2014.34.4.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Five Chicken Health Benefits Nutrition Facts. [Homepage on the Internet]","author":"EU Poultry","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJFS2015.1282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521\u2010021\u201006029\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2007.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S096272860002323X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2014.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2006\u201000398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Kohara A.2015. \u201cProposal of Welfare\u2010Oriented Rearing Methods in Broiler Production in Japan.\u201d PhD Thesis Tohoku University Sendai Japan."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4035\/jsfwr.57.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kralik G. Z.Kralik M.Gr\u010devi\u0107 andD.Han\u017eek.2017. \u201cQuality of Chicken Meat.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.72865.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.72865"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis C. D.1982. \u201cIndustrial and Business Forecasting Methods.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/for.3980020210.","DOI":"10.1002\/for.3980020210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.11374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v59.27606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2508\/chikusan.95.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF).2022. \u201cOutlook for World Food Supply and Demand in 2032: Forecast Results Using the World Food Supply and Demand Model [Homepage on the Internet].\u201d Policy Research Institute MAFF.https:\/\/www.maff.go.jp\/primaff\/seika\/attach\/pdf\/230331_2032_01.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11357\/jsamfe.83.3_163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","unstructured":"Motorola Solution.2022. \u201cVideo Surveillance Trade\u2010Offs [Homepage on the Internet].\u201d Motorola Solutions.https:\/\/1library.net\/document\/zw5vd657\u2010white\u2010surveillance\u2010question\u2010balance\u2010finding\u2010combination\u2010quality\u2010bandwidth.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.5.810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1517142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvaraju R.R. M.Cogswell A.Das R.Vedantam D.Parikh andD.Batra.2016. \u201cGrad\u2010CAM: Visual Explanations From Deep Networks via Gradient\u2010Based Localization.\u201d arXiv Preprint arXiv: arXiv:1610.02391.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2012.745930"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Rice Tiller Number Estimation by Field Robot and Deep Learning (Part 1) Exploring Infield Tiller Detection With YOLOv4","volume":"83","author":"Singh D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.6.864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","volume-title":"Animal Welfare and Broiler Chicken Production Systems [Homepage on the Internet]","author":"Terrestrial Animal Health Code (TAHC)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7630926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA).2015. \u201cThe World Population Prospects: 2015 Revision [homepage on the Internet].\u201d UN DESA New York United States; [cited 1 Jan 2025].https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/publications\/world\u2010population\u2010prospects\u20102015\u2010revision.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016\u2010021\u201000322\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang C. Y. I. H. Yeh andH. Y. M.Liao.2024. \u201cYOLOv9: Learning What You Want to Learn Using Programmable Gradient Information.\u201d arXiv Preprint arXiv: 2402.13616v2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72751-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","volume-title":"Animal Welfare [Homepage on the Internet]","author":"World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/2.4.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0730610"},{"issue":"30","key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Livestock and Livestock Products by 2050","volume":"4","author":"Yitbarek M. B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Animal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031\u20109384(96)00535\u20105"}],"container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/asj.70162","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/asj.70162","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/asj.70162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T03:02:06Z","timestamp":1773630126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/asj.70162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/asj.70162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/asj.70162","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1344-3941","1740-0929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1344-3941","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-0929","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70162"}}