{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:47:19Z","timestamp":1787161639448,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":210,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    5\u2010Aminolevulinic acid (5\u2010ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid, which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of heme. We investigated its immunomodulatory effect as a potential bioactive feed additive by evaluating the expression of immune\u2010related genes and oxidative status in dairy cows. Using a crossover design, six lactating Holstein cows randomized to control and treatment groups received a total mixed ration (TMR) or TMR plus 10\u2009mg 5\u2010ALA\/kg of dry matter for 2 weeks. In\u00a0vitro, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from untreated dairy cows were incubated with 5\u2010ALA in the presence of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) mRNA expression significantly decreased in PBMC of dairy cows fed 5\u2010ALA, and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2) tended to decrease. 5\u2010ALA had no effect on the cluster of differentiation 3, interferon\u2010\u03b3, and Toll\u2010like receptors in PBMC and 1,1\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, relative superoxide dismutase activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the blood, milk, and ruminal fluid of dairy cows. In\u00a0vitro, TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression decreased in PBMC treated with 5\u2010ALA (10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) in the presence of LPS compared with LPS alone. Thus, 5\u2010ALA may optimize the inflammatory response by controlling the expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1 in PBMC and eventually improving immunity in dairy cows.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:30:31Z","timestamp":1785418231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["5\u2010Aminolevulinic Acid Improves Immune Response in Dairy Cows In\u00a0Vivo and In\u00a0Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4325-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin Omar","family":"Hendawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Production Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University  Sendai 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