{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:11:16Z","timestamp":1789740676363,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":260,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Science Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the effects of gamma ray (GR), electron\u2010beam (EB) irradiation, microwave irradiation (MI) and roasting (R) on the chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in\u00a0vitro digestibility of whole cottonseed (CS). Cottonseed samples were treated with gamma irradiation (20 and 40\u2009kGy), electron beam (20 and 40\u2009kGy), microwave irradiation (3 and 5\u2009min), and roasting (at 140\u00b0C for 15 and 30\u2009min). Chemical composition was analyzed by standard methods, whereas ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was measured using the nylon bag technique with three fistulated cows. In\u00a0vitro digestibility was determined with the Tilley and Terry method, and amino acid degradability was assessed across treatments. All processing methods decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of CS compared to untreated CS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Gamma and microwave irradiation decreased DM and CP degradability of CS at ruminal outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). All treatments decreased effective rumen degradability (ERD) of CS at ruminal out flow rates of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Roasting and microwave irradiation for 5\u2009min decreased water soluble fraction and increased the slowly degradable fraction of CS compared to untreated CS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In\u00a0vitro digestibility of 40\u2009kGy irradiated CS and roasted CS for 30\u2009min was significantly higher than other treatments and untreated CS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Ruminal disappearances of essential and non\u2010essential amino acids after 16\u2009h incubation in rumen were decreased by electron beam irradiation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These results indicate that physical processing methods, especially electron beam and roasting, enhance nutritional value of CS for ruminants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:48:12Z","timestamp":1789739292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Different Treatment on the Chemical Composition, Ruminal Degradation Kinetics and In\u00a0Vitro Digestibility of Cottonseed"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1839-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamak Rezaeian","family":"Tabrizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, ShQ.C Islamic Azad University  Shahr\u2010e\u2010Qods Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Roohollah","family":"Ebrahimi\u2010Mahmoudabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, ShQ.C Islamic Azad University  Shahr\u2010e\u2010Qods Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Fattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, ShQ.C Islamic Azad University  Shahr\u2010e\u2010Qods Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation11060301"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Nutritional Value of Sesame Meal Treated by Gamma Ray and Microwave Irradiation","volume":"27","author":"Amini Esfid Vajani H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12784","article-title":"Effect of Radiation on Chemical Composition and Protein Quality of Cottonseed Meal","volume":"88","author":"Bahreini Z.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal Science Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-019-06679-3","article-title":"Effects of Gamma and Electron Radiation on Chemical Composition and Some Phytochemical Properties of Whole Fax Seed","volume":"321","author":"Beheshti\u2010Moghadam M. 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