{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:32:50Z","timestamp":1789191170836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,19]],"date-time":"2012-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To provide an overview and descriptive analysis of the 2011 arboviral disease epidemic in horses that involved three important A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian mosquito\u2010borne viruses: M<\/jats:styled-content>urray V<\/jats:styled-content>alley encephalitis virus, W<\/jats:styled-content>est N<\/jats:styled-content>ile virus (K<\/jats:styled-content>unjin strain) and R<\/jats:styled-content>oss R<\/jats:styled-content>iver virus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Data from states affected between J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary and J<\/jats:styled-content>une 2011 were collated and comprised reports of horses showing signs of neuromuscular disease and the associated laboratory findings. A summary of the data is presented, together with a spatiotemporal analysis of cases and preliminary assessment of rainfall patterns and case distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 982 cases of equine arboviral disease were reported across A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia between J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary and J<\/jats:styled-content>une 2011. The majority of cases were reported from south\u2010east A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia and included horses that developed neurological signs consistent with encephalitis. It was the largest epidemic of equine arboviral disease in A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia's history. Two likely causes for this unprecedented epidemic were the unusual weather events that preceded the epidemic and the emergence of a new strain of K<\/jats:styled-content>unjin virus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The epidemic highlights to horse owners and policy makers the potential for future outbreaks of arboviral diseases and the need for vigilance. It also highlights the complex interactions among hosts, vectors and climatic conditions that are required for such an outbreak to occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]],"date-time":"2012-12-21T19:15:01Z","timestamp":1356117301000},"page":"5-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Descriptive overview of the 2011 epidemic of arboviral disease in horses in A<\/scp>ustralia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"SE","family":"Roche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Policy Branch Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Wicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Policy Branch Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MG","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Policy Branch Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IJ","family":"East","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Policy Branch Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Paskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Veterinary Officer's Unit Department of Primary Industries Attwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BJ","family":"Moloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosecurity NSW Department of Primary Industries Orange New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosecurity SA Department of Primary Industries and Regions Glenside South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Kirkland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Menangle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1326-6756.2004.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)01324-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01963-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1982.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1982.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Arboviruses and their vectors in Australia: an update on the ecology and epidemiology of some mosquito\u2010borne arboviruses","volume":"83","author":"Russell RC.","year":"1995","journal-title":"R Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200207000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Arboviral disease and malaria in Australia, 2007\/08: Annual report of the National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee","author":"Fitzsimmons GJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Aging.National notifiable diseases surveillance system (NNDSS).http:\/\/www9.health.gov.au\/cda\/Source\/Rpt_4.cfm. 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