{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:24:25Z","timestamp":1771590265421,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three ponies continuously grazed a pasture containing an estimated 24%<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ndigofera spicata<\/jats:italic>(wet weight basis) for 4\u20136 weeks in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>pril and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ay 2004. They developed ataxia, paresis, depression, muscle fasciculations, dysphagia, ptyalism and halitosis. Two also developed corneal opacity. One pony recovered with supportive treatment, but the other two were euthanased and necropsied. Neuropathology was not present in either case, but both livers had periacinar and periportal lymphocytic infiltrations and hydropic degeneration of mid\u2010zonal hepatocytes, with mild to moderate periacinar necrosis also evident in one. The<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>. spicata<\/jats:italic>contained 2.66\u2009mg 3\u2010nitropropionic acid (3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPA<\/jats:styled-content>)\/g dry matter and 1.5\u2009mg indospicine\/g dry matter. Indospicine, but not 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPA<\/jats:styled-content>, was detected in serum from both of the euthanased ponies and indospicine was detected in heart, liver and muscle from the one pony in which this assay was performed. The clinical syndrome closely resembled \u2018Birdsville horse disease\u2019 caused by<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>. linnaei<\/jats:italic>and was similar to that reported in horses poisoned by the closely related species<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>. hendecaphylla<\/jats:italic>and to 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPA<\/jats:styled-content>poisoning of other animals, including humans. 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPA<\/jats:styled-content>is thought to cause this neurological syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first authenticated report of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>. spicata<\/jats:italic>poisoning in grazing animals. We also report here the first published evidence that 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPA<\/jats:styled-content>and indospicine exist in naturalised<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>. spicata<\/jats:italic>in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia and of the formation of indospicine residues in tissues of animals grazing paddocks infested with<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>. spicata<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T01:10:00Z","timestamp":1363137000000},"page":"143-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<i>Indigofera spicata<\/i>(creeping indigo) poisoning of three ponies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"SM","family":"Ossedryver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosecurity Queensland Animal Research Institute Yeerongpilly QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GI","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eagle Farm Equine Veterinary Hospital Hendra QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BM","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RA","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosecurity Queensland Animal Research Institute Yeerongpilly QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AW","family":"van Eps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eagle Farm Equine Veterinary Hospital Hendra QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eagle Farm Equine Veterinary Hospital Hendra QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MT","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosecurity Queensland Animal Research Institute Yeerongpilly QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1951.tb13416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1952.tb05151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1951.tb13417.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1947.tb04519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"A revision of the Indigofereae (Fabaceae) in Australia. 1: Indigastrum and the simple or unifoliolate species of Indigofera","volume":"10","author":"Wilson PG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Telopea"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7751\/telopea20085819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02858731"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4118850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"NorfeldtS YoungeOR.Toxicity of creeping indigo to livestock. 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