{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:07:01Z","timestamp":1790536021572,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>In D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2007, B<\/jats:styled-content>abesia bovis<\/jats:italic> was introduced to N<\/jats:styled-content>ew C<\/jats:styled-content>aledonia through the importation of cattle vaccinated with a live tick fever (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) vaccine. Medical measures, acaricide and antiprotozoal treatments, and quarantine restrictions were implemented with success on all the farms involved, but the disease spread to one of the neighbouring properties where feral cattle were present. To circumscribe and eliminate this outbreak, the authorities decided to slaughter all animals on the neighbouring property.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To monitor the spread of babesiosis in na\u00efve cattle and to compare the usefulness of PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and brain smear for disease detection in monitoring this outbreak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Blood and brain samples of slaughtered animals were analysed over time throughout the eradication campaign using serology, PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and brain smears. In addition, field numbers of R<\/jats:styled-content>hipicephalus microplus<\/jats:italic> tick larvae were assessed and B<\/jats:styled-content>abesia<\/jats:italic> infection of the larvae analysed using PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>This study showed the natural spread of babesiosis in a na\u00efve herd without pharmacological control measures. Prevalence reached 80% within a year of introduction. ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and PCR<\/jats:styled-content> tests performed similarly in detecting disease in cattle and both were superior to brain smears. Nevertheless, specific tests or combinations of tests may be preferable, depending on the specific requirements of any future disease situation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In cattle, ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and PCR<\/jats:styled-content> appear to be suitable tools for monitoring the evolution of a babesiosis outbreak, with brain smears as a useful adjunct. PCR<\/jats:styled-content> was not suitable for detecting infection in tick larvae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T05:08:55Z","timestamp":1369890535000},"page":"254-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Diagnostic methods used to monitor an outbreak of babesiosis (B<\/scp>abesia bovis<\/i>) in a herd of feral cattle in N<\/scp>ew C<\/scp>aledonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"T","family":"H\u00fce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Agronomique n\u00e9o\u2010Cal\u00e9donien\/Centre de Coop\u00e9ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IAC\/CIRAD) BP 73 98890 Pa\u00efta New Caledonia 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Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle\u2010Cal\u00e9donie Direction des Affaires V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle\u2010Cal\u00e9donie Station zootechnique de Port\u2010Laguerre Pa\u00efta New Caledonia France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Teurlai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR LOCEAN et ESPACE\u2010DEV Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) Noum\u00e9a Cedex New Caledonia France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Barr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Agronomique n\u00e9o\u2010Cal\u00e9donien\/Centre de Coop\u00e9ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IAC\/CIRAD) BP 73 98890 Pa\u00efta New Caledonia 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