{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T10:32:33Z","timestamp":1753180353656},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to: (1) confirm a temporal association between exposure to the sea hare <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>plysia gigantea<\/jats:italic> and the development of a neurotoxicosis in dogs and (2) further characterise the clinical signs, treatment and outcomes in dogs with this suspected toxicosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical records from four veterinary practices within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>eraldton region of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia were searched for dogs that had been exposed to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>. gigantea<\/jats:italic> and subsequently presented to a veterinarian during the period of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2001 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>arch 2011. Signalment, exposure history, clinical signs, treatment and outcome were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 72 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Clinical signs included ptyalism, emesis, ataxia, hyperaesthesia, tremors, muscle fasciculations, seizures, nystagmus and respiratory distress; 30 dogs did not have abnormal clinical signs at presentation; 69 dogs were presented during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>pril. Treatment included gastrointestinal and dermal decontamination, and supportive management of seizures, tremors and muscle fasciculations. Of the 72 dogs, 65 survived to discharge, 4 died and 3 were euthanased. Information from subsequent examinations was available for 57 dogs and no long\u2010term complications were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>. gigantea<\/jats:italic> was temporally associated with the development of neuroexcitatory clinical signs in dogs. Gastrointestinal and respiratory signs also occurred in some dogs. Dogs with suspected toxicosis were presented mostly in the months of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>pril. The proportion of dogs that died or were euthanased because of worsening clinical signs was approximately 10%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T07:23:24Z","timestamp":1371713004000},"page":"292-295","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i><scp>A<\/scp>plysia gigantea<\/i> toxicosis in 72 dogs in <scp>W<\/scp>estern <scp>A<\/scp>ustralia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"RE","family":"Peacock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Hosgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KL","family":"Swindells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Nudibranch poisoning: cases in dogs. 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