{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:41:40Z","timestamp":1769521300270,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]],"date-time":"2014-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute undifferentiated leukaemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUL<\/jats:styled-content>) is considered a separate entity in the context of acute leukaemias. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUL<\/jats:styled-content> is extremely rare in both humans and dogs, has a rapid clinical course and does not respond to treatment. It is characterised by the presence of blast cells within the bone marrow and\/or peripheral blood at levels \u226520% and even up to 100% of all nucleated cells. Blast cells are unable to be differentiated on morphological, cytochemical and phenotypic criteria into myeloid or lymphoid lineages because of their immaturity and\/or atypia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case report<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 8\u2010year\u2010old German Shepherd dog was referred for depression, asthenia, mild anaemia, thrombocytopenia and marked leucocytosis. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, bilateral nephromegaly and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Echocardiography revealed biventricular hypertrophy with abnormal tissue density of the myocardium. Blood and bone marrow smears were composed of 95% unclassifiable and\/or atypical blast cells and signs of dysplasia of the erythroid and thrombocytic\/megakaryocytic lineages were present. Blast cells were negative for all cytochemical stains used and flow cytometry of peripheral blood revealed 85% of total leucocytes consisting of small\u2010to\u2010medium\u2010sized cells, negative for all lymphoid and myeloid markers except <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>45 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>34.<\/jats:p><jats:p>After necropsy, cytology and histology revealed that blast cells had diffusely infiltrated all tissues examined. Both erythroid and megakaryocytic extramedullary haemopoiesis was also detected in the spleen, lymph nodes and liver. All immunohistochemical stains used were negative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>On the basis of all the results, a diagnosis of acute leukaemia involving a very primitive haematopoietic precursor was made.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]],"date-time":"2014-11-26T06:40:59Z","timestamp":1416984059000},"page":"499-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Acute undifferentiated leukaemia in a dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5459-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Miglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia  Via San Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MT","family":"Antognoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia  Via San Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Miniscalco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Pathology University of Torino  Grugliasco Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Caivano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia  Via San Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia  Via San Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Birettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia  Via San Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Mangili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Perugia  Via San Costanzo 4 06126 Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1976.tb03563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1199"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344545.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01696217"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"475","volume-title":"Schalm's veterinary hematology","author":"Weiss DJ","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1998.tb01029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"653","volume-title":"Withrow & MacEwen's small animal clinical oncology","author":"Young KM","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.04.2011.4128"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.6075"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12056"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2009.00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199509075297"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"GelainME Di GravioS ComazziS.Evaluation of antigen receptor gene rearrangement in canine haemopoietic neoplasms. 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