{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:30:32Z","timestamp":1758961832151},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>High levels of lead, up to 3.3\u2009mg\/kg fresh weight, were detected in pig liver in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia at the beginning of 2008. This followed the detection of lead at above the maximum level (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ML<\/jats:styled-content>) in a pig liver through the National Residue Survey (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRS<\/jats:styled-content>). The contamination source was traced back to a zinc oxide feed additive used early post\u2010weaning that contained in excess of 8% lead.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Confirmation of the source of lead contamination was obtained by comparing lead isotope ratios for the zinc oxide and the pig livers. The investigation demonstrated the importance of verifying the safety of feed and feed ingredients prior to incorporation in feed. Retrospective analysis of NRS data indicated that the level of lead needed to trigger an investigation for intensively housed pigs should be considerably lower than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ML<\/jats:styled-content>. As a result, investigations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia will now be conducted when levels of lead in pig liver exceed 0.1\u2009mg\/kg fresh weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the potential for small amounts of non\u2010compliant kidney and liver to enter the human food chain, there was no significant increase in the risk to consumers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1424764489000},"page":"72-78","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An investigation into exposure of pigs to lead from contaminated zinc oxide in 2007\u20132008"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"DJ","family":"MacLachlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Government Department of Agriculture  18 Marcus Clarke Street Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia  Bunbury WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Klim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Government Department of Agriculture  18 Marcus Clarke Street Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Lutze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority  Symonston ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Matisons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health  Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Moir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia  Bunbury WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Laboratories Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia  South Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"FSANZ.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code.http:\/\/www.foodstandards.gov.au\/code\/Pages\/default.aspx. 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