{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:58:31Z","timestamp":1761155911667},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An astrocyte\u2010associated motor neurone syndrome was produced in molybdenum\u2010deprived sheep fed xanthosine. Mo\u2010deprived sheep fed inosine, adenosine or guanosine would be also expected to develop astrocyte\u2010associated motor neurone syndromes, because all these purine nucleosides can act as neuromodulators and all depend on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>o\u2010associated enzyme xanthine oxidase\u2010dehydrogenase for their catabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relationship between inosine ingestion and low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>o concentration, eight sheep were fed lucerne chaff with a Mo value &lt;0.10\u2009ppm and the Mo antagonist, sodium tungstate, for 21 weeks, with inosine (35\u2009mg\/kg\/day) fed for the last 18 of these weeks. This clinical study was uncontrolled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An astrocyte\u2010associated motor neurone syndrome was produced in three sheep 18\u201327 months later. It was characterised by diaphragmatic, laryngeal, lingual and pharyngeal muscle weakness. The diaphragmatic muscle weakness was the most severe and potentially lethal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that purinergic neuromodulation of respiration, vocalisation and swallowing is different to that of limb movement. The syndrome produced, and assumed to be caused by the treatment given, has not been reported in livestock. A similar syndrome is seen in human motor neurone disease, but not in equine motor neurone disease, and this is consistent with it being an upper, not a lower, motor neurone effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1424764489000},"page":"79-83","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molybdenum deprivation, purine ingestion and an astrocyte\u2010associated motor neurone syndrome in sheep: assumed clinical effects of inosine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"CA","family":"Bourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orange Agricultural Institute  Orange New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/172346b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"524","volume-title":"The mineral nutrition of livestock","author":"Underwood EJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2012.00947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Basic neurochemistry: molecular, cellular and medical aspects","author":"Linden J","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0970318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenXB OrskovER.Research on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants: past present and future.Technical bulletin of the International Feed Resources Unit Macaulay Land Use Research Institute Craigiebuckler Aberdeen Scotland UK 2003.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-2844-1_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589403100122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901290206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Veterinary neuropathology","author":"Summers BA","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-6706-5.00008-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/59.4.539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)43008-1","article-title":"Molecular basis of the biological function of molybdenum: effect of tungsten on xanthine oxidase and sulphite oxidase in the rat","volume":"249","author":"Johnson JL","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"522","volume-title":"Histopathologic technic and practical histiochemistry","author":"Lillie RD","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","author":"Swash M","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb13128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"MateikaJH.Organization of the respiratory control system. 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