{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:24:31Z","timestamp":1791285871343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000801","name":"Bayer Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the proportion of canine tick\u2010borne disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>) pathogens in dogs from northern states of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia presenting with and without clinical signs\/laboratory abnormalities suggestive of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>and to evaluate associated risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Client\u2010owned dogs presented to a general practice clinic in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orthern<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>erritory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NT<\/jats:styled-content>; n = 138) and five referral hospitals in south\u2010east<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>ueensland (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEQ<\/jats:styled-content>; n = 100) were grouped into<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010suspect and \u2010control groups based on clinical and laboratory criteria. Blood and sera were screened for haemotropic<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>abesia<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>naplasma<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>hrlichia<\/jats:italic>spp. and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>epatozoon<\/jats:italic>spp. using microscopic examination, in\u2010clinic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>testing and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>assays. Dog\u2010specific risk factors associated with the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>pathogens were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 24.4% of the suspect group and 12.2% of the control group dogs were infected. The proportions of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:italic>haemocanis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>. vogeli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>. platys<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>andidatus<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ycoplasma haematoparvum, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ycoplasma haemobos were 7.1%, 5.0%, 3.8%, 1.7% and 0.4%, respectively. Dogs originating from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NT<\/jats:styled-content>were 3.6\u2010fold (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.51\u20138.62; P = 0.004) more likely to be infected with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>pathogens than those from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEQ<\/jats:styled-content>. Male dogs were 2.3\u2010fold (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.17\u20134.80, P = 0.024) more likely to be<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>pathogens than female dogs. Dogs presenting with clinical signs consistent with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>and thrombocytopenia were more likely to be infected by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>pathogens (odds ratio 2.85; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.16, 7.02; P = 0.019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Haemotropic mycoplasmas were the most common tick\u2010borne pathogen infecting client\u2010owned dogs. Subclinical cases were common in dogs from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NT<\/jats:styled-content>. Veterinary practitioners should be aware of the proportion of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTBD<\/jats:styled-content>pathogens and the presenting features of clinical and subclinical disease in their area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1424764489000},"page":"58-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Canine tick\u2010borne pathogens and associated risk factors in dogs presenting with and without clinical signs consistent with tick\u2010borne diseases in northern<scp>A<\/scp>ustralia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"SF","family":"Hii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland 4343 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