{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T11:11:56Z","timestamp":1778929916381,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001054","name":"Meat and Livestock Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.AHE.0054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.AHE.0054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To isolate <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus vitrinus<\/jats:italic> from naturally\u2010acquired mixed trichostrongylid infections (predominantly <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Teladorsagia circumcincta<\/jats:italic>) in sheep using differential larval development temperatures and the anatomical location of adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faeces were collected from ewes with mixed, naturally acquired trichostrongylid infection, and incubated at low temperatures (4\u00b0C or 8\u00b0C) for 20\u201368 days depending on temperature. Harvested infective larvae were passaged through worm\u2010free lambs, from which the first 5\u2009m of small intestine was collected and adult worms recovered. Purity of infection with <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vitrinus<\/jats:italic> was assessed by examination of spicules on 100 adult male worms. Eggs of recovered adult female worms were cultured at 25\u00b0C and harvested larvae were re\u2010passaged through worm\u2010free lambs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low temperature incubation (\u22648\u00b0C) successfully exploited variation in the developmental temperature required by pre\u2010parasitic stages of small intestinal nematodes, allowing <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vitrinus<\/jats:italic> to develop while others did not. Differential organ harvest from infected sheep allowed isolation of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vitrinus<\/jats:italic> from other gastrointestinal nematodes, with amplification of pure <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vitrinus<\/jats:italic> achieved by passage through a further generation of lambs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A successful method for the isolation of pure <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vitrinus<\/jats:italic> from mixed infections is described. The resulting pure strain of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vitrinus<\/jats:italic> has been amplified and is held by two institutions for use in research (CSIRO reference SARDI 2011 strain).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T13:14:43Z","timestamp":1432646083000},"page":"221-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of developmental temperature and gastrointestinal tract location to isolate pure <i>Trichostrongylus vitrinus<\/i> from mixed, naturally acquired trichostrongylid infections in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"PJ","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Research and Development Institute  Urrbrae South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Animal Science, School of Rural and Environmental Science University of New England  Armidale New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"IH","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Research and Development Institute  Urrbrae South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Animal Science, School of Rural and Environmental Science University of New England  Armidale New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SW","family":"Walkden\u2010Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science, School of Rural and Environmental Science University of New England  Armidale New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Greenslade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Research and Development Institute  Urrbrae South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Assessing the economic cost of endemic disease on the profitability of the Australian beef cattle and sheep producers","author":"Sackett D","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1982.tb15999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(88)90096-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(89)90123-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30702-1","article-title":"Regulation of Trichostrongylus vitrinus and T. colubriformis populations in naturally infected sheep in The Netherlands","volume":"42","author":"Eysker M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9850845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(89)90062-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Ecology and biological plasticity of sheep nematodes. 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