{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:28:24Z","timestamp":1770748104833,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Case series<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case series describes secondary immune\u2010mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) in four dogs following elapid snake envenomation and its treatment. All the dogs initially presented with clinical signs commensurate with mainland tiger snake (<jats:italic>Notechis scutatus<\/jats:italic>) envenomation. None of the dogs was anaemic at the time of presentation. IMHA was diagnosed 3\u20139 days following snake envenomation. The trigger for IMHA was unclear in each case and may have been a component of the snake venom, antivenom, fresh frozen plasma, concurrent morbidity, administered drugs or a combination thereof. Three of the four dogs received immunosuppressive therapy comprising corticosteroids with or without azathioprine. Resolution of the IMHA was documented 6 weeks after diagnosis for one dog and 9 months after diagnosis for two dogs, with one dog lost to follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>IMHA is a potential complicating factor of elapid snake envenomation and its treatment in dogs, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a persistent or worsening anaemia. Both the incidence and aetiopathogenesis of IMHA in the context of elapid snake envenomation and its treatment in dogs are unknown and require further examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]],"date-time":"2015-08-28T17:20:35Z","timestamp":1440782435000},"page":"319-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Presumed secondary immune\u2010mediated haemolytic anaemia following elapid snake envenomation and its treatment in four dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"HM","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, University of Melbourne  250 Princes Highway Werribee VIC 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Witham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, University of Melbourne  250 Princes Highway Werribee VIC 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kelers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, University of Melbourne  250 Princes Highway Werribee VIC 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Boller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, University of Melbourne  250 Princes Highway Werribee VIC 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2007.00194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The snakes of Victoria","author":"Conventry AJ","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1979.tb15171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1984.tb05990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1994.tb03365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9802600510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1103900622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2007.01407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1992.tb141271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.00135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2004.014431"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-010-0015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-3862.2011.00056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2003.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Canine immune\u2010mediated hemolytic anemia: pathophysiology, clinical signs, and diagnosis","volume":"29","author":"Balch A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2011.604979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2005.tb12743.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"58","volume-title":"A clinician's guide to Australian venomous bites and stings: incorporating the updated CSL antivenom handbook","author":"White J","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"Wyndham City Council.Snakes in Wyndham.2012.http:\/\/www.wyndham.vic.gov.au\/\/var\/files\/uploads\/pdfs\/50567dae92220.pdf. Accessed December 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"761","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and the cat","author":"Mitchell K","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"527","article-title":"Overcoming the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of canine immune\u2010mediated thrombocytopenia","volume":"102","author":"Heseltine J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.19.532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90306-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589403100604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb12769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcl007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2009.00145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Coral snake envenomation in the dog: report of four cases and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Marks SL","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00014-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effects of Russell's viper venom on human erythrocytes in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Napathorn S","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nat Toxins"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589703400508"}],"container-title":["Australian Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Favj.12359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.12359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T19:34:28Z","timestamp":1696361668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/avj.12359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/avj.12359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.12359","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-0423","1751-0813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-0423","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-0813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-02-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-08-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}