{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:09:11Z","timestamp":1761581351670},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]],"date-time":"2015-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Case report<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 8\u2010year\u2010old 40.8\u2010kg intact male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated for bilateral antebrachial fractures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Radiographs revealed osteopenia and comminuted proximal diaphyseal fractures of the left radius and ulna, and proximal articular fracture of the right ulna. A dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry scan confirmed decreased bone mineral density. Bone mineral analysis collected at the time of definitive surgical repair demonstrated high lead concentration. Analysis further demonstrated normal bone calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Serum lead concentration was normal.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The left radial and ulnar fractures were surgically stabilised with an external fixator. The right ulnar fracture was splinted. The left antebrachial fractures were palpably unstable at 12\u2009weeks after surgery. Moderate callus formation and incomplete bone union were present at 17\u2009weeks postoperatively. The dog was re\u2010presented 15\u2009months later for right metacarpal and left metatarsal fractures, which were managed conservatively. Complete bone union of the right radial and ulnar fractures was not present at that time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive lead accumulation in bone should be considered as a differential diagnosis for increased susceptibility to pathologic fracture and delayed fracture healing in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]],"date-time":"2015-09-28T05:37:20Z","timestamp":1443418640000},"page":"373-376","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiple pathological fractures and delayed union associated with lead exposure in a German Shepherd Dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville TN 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