{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:40:51Z","timestamp":1761709251594},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,28]],"date-time":"2016-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To use specific real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> to determine (1) the vaccination success of Rispens <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVI988<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine in feathers and dust; (2) persistence of Rispens infection in vaccinated layer chickens; (3) extent of co\u2010infection with wild\u2010type Marek's disease virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDV<\/jats:styled-content>) in vaccinated layers; and (4) presence of Rispens virus in unvaccinated broiler flocks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Feather, dust and serum samples were collected from birds aged 3 days to 91 weeks from three layer farms. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> was used to detect <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDV<\/jats:styled-content> and Rispens in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> extracted from dust and feathers. Previously tested <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive dust samples from 100 broiler flocks were tested for the presence of Rispens using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>, while serum samples were used to detect anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDV<\/jats:styled-content> antibody using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 66% and 93% of feather and dust samples, respectively, from Rispens\u2010vaccinated layers were Rispens\u2010positive. Viral load in these samples varied between farms during early life, reaching readily detectable levels at 2\u20133 weeks of age. Vaccinated chickens maintained a high Rispens load in feathers and dust and high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDV<\/jats:styled-content> antibody levels until 91 weeks of age. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was detected in 6.7% of feather samples from vaccinated chickens. Rispens virus was detected in 7% of samples from unvaccinated broiler flocks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccine take can be measured effectively by Rispens\u2010specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> of feathers or dust from approximately 3 weeks post vaccination. Infection with Rispens is persistent, with lifelong shedding and serological response. The detectable infection rate of vaccinated chickens with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDV<\/jats:styled-content> is low and there is preliminary evidence of escape of Rispens virus to unvaccinated flocks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T04:55:19Z","timestamp":1472446519000},"page":"329-337","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Field studies of the detection, persistence and spread of the Rispens <scp>CVI988<\/scp> vaccine virus and the extent of co\u2010infection with Marek's disease virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Ralapanawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England  Armidale NSW Australia"},{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute  Peradeniya Sri 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