{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:24:25Z","timestamp":1791228265162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study assessed the neurotropism of bovine ephemeral fever (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BEF<\/jats:styled-content>) virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BEFV<\/jats:styled-content>) and described histomorphological abnormalities of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves that may causally contribute to paresis or paralysis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BEF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four paralysed and six asymptomatic but virus\u2010infected cattle were monitored, and blood and serum samples screened by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qRT\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, virus isolation and neutralisation tests. Fresh brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve and other tissues were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qRT\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010tested for viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>, while formalin\u2010fixed specimens were processed routinely and immunohistochemically evaluated for histomorphological abnormalities and viral antigen distribution, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The neurotropism of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BEFV<\/jats:styled-content> was immunohistochemically confirmed in the brain and peripheral nerves and peripheral neuropathy was demonstrated in three paralysed but not the six aneurological but virus\u2010infected animals. Wallerian degeneration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WD<\/jats:styled-content>) was present in the ventral funicular white matter of the lumbar spinal cord of a paralysed steer and in cervical and thoracic spinal cord segments of three paralysed animals. Although no spinal cord lesions were seen in the steer euthanased within 7 days of illness, peripheral neuropathy was present and more severe in nerves of the brachial plexuses than in the gluteal or fibular nerves. The only steer with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WD<\/jats:styled-content> in the lumbar spinal cord also showed intrahistiocytic cell viral antigen that was spatially distributed within areas of moderate brain stem encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data confirmed neurotropism of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BEFV<\/jats:styled-content> in cattle and documented histomorphological abnormalities in peripheral nerves and brain which, together with spinal cord lesions, may contribute to chronic paralysis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BEFV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected downer cattle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T06:37:30Z","timestamp":1474958250000},"page":"362-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Viral neurotropism, peripheral neuropathy and other morphological abnormalities in bovine ephemeral fever virus\u2010infected downer cattle"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Barigye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Burnup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Aumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Dyrting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LF","family":"Melville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories Department of Primary Industry &amp; Fisheries, GPO Box 3000  Darwin Northern Territory 0801 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Proceedings Fourth Symposium Arbovirus Research in Australia, May 6\u20139, 1986. 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