{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:11:47Z","timestamp":1790662307374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>Develop a multiplex quantitative PCR<\/jats:styled-content> assay to investigate the prevalence and shedding of Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content>, Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. in sheep at sale yards and abattoirs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> for E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content> was developed, validated and multiplexed with an existing qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> for Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> and Salmonella\u2009enterica<\/jats:italic>. The absolute numbers of E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content>, Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> and Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in control samples was determined using droplet digital PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. These were then used as the controls in the multiplex qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> on a total of 474 sheep faecal samples collected from two saleyards over a 4\u2010month period (April\u2013July 2014) and 96 effluent samples from an abattoir.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The mutiplex qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> was specific with a sensitivity of 5 organisms\/\u03bcL<\/jats:styled-content> faecal DNA<\/jats:styled-content> extract for Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, S.\u2009enterica<\/jats:italic> and E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content>. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, S.\u2009enterica<\/jats:italic> and E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content> in faecal samples was 5.7%, 3.6% and 8.4% and in effluent samples was 18.8%, 6.3% and 5.2%, respectively. The pathogen loads of Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, S.\u2009enterica<\/jats:italic> and E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content> in faecal and effluent samples was also determined via mutiplex qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The overall prevalences of Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, S.\u2009enterica<\/jats:italic> and E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content> were generally low (<6%), but point prevalences ranged considerably in healthy sheep (up to 26% for E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> O157<\/jats:styled-content>\/O145<\/jats:styled-content>). Further work to determine risk factors for shedding of bacterial organisms in meat sheep in the pre\u2010slaughter period (on\u2010farm, sale yards and lairage at abattoirs) could further reduce the risk of contamination of meat products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T08:16:49Z","timestamp":1493194609000},"page":"143-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence and pathogen load of Campylobacter<\/i> spp., Salmonella enterica<\/i> and Escherichia coli<\/i>O157<\/scp>\/O145<\/scp> serogroup in sheep faeces collected at sale yards and in abattoir effluent in Western Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GE","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2007.00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00428-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06167-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2014.104.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences: Meat Industry Services.Meat technology update: pathogenic Shiga toxigenic E.\u2009coli\u2013STEC.http:\/\/www.meatupdate.csiro.au\/data\/MEAT_TECHNOLOGY_UPDATE_12\u201310.pdf. 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