{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:17:50Z","timestamp":1767665870466,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regarded as one of the most expensive production diseases of dairy sheep and goats, contagious agalactia (CA) is caused by any of four agents: <jats:italic>Mycoplasma agalactiae, M. mycoides<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>capri<\/jats:italic> (Mmc), <jats:italic>M. capricolum<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>capricolum<\/jats:italic> (Mcc) and <jats:italic>M. putrefaciens<\/jats:italic>. Although CA is worldwide in distribution, it has not been reported in Australia, even though studies between the 1950s and 1980s isolated each agent from sheep or goats without any clinical signs associated with it. The aim of this study was to examine sheep and goats in Victoria, Australia, for the presence of CA\u2010associated mycoplasmas and to investigate the evolutionary relationships of these isolates by comparing their genetic differences with their counterparts from other parts of the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3\u2010year epidemiological survey of small ruminant populations in Victoria, Australia, was conducted for the presence of CA\u2010associated mycoplasmas and the isolates obtained were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mmc was the only CA\u2010associated agent isolated from the 1358 samples analysed in the study, but was not associated with CA on the property where it was found. MLST analyses of Mmc strains revealed a distinct clustering of Australian isolates into a novel clade, with the closest relatives being strains from Europe. The distinct clustering is consistent with the absence of clinical disease in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The isolation of Mmc indicates that this subspecies persists in Australian small ruminant populations. However, full genome sequencing and in vitro animal experimentation are needed to unequivocally demonstrate the avirulence of Australian strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T14:20:26Z","timestamp":1506694826000},"page":"392-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Survey of Victorian small ruminant herds for mycoplasmas associated with contagious agalactia and molecular characterisation of <i>Mycoplasma mycoides<\/i> subspecies <i>capri<\/i> isolates from one herd"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"OM","family":"Olaogun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SR","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KA","family":"Tivendale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PF","family":"Markham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MS","family":"Marenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0903-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"GF","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2006.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"OIE. 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