{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:30:51Z","timestamp":1790670651300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001054","name":"Meat & Livestock Australia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identify the cause of outbreaks of diarrhoea during winter that are not attributable to gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned Merino sheep in the high rainfall regions of south\u2010eastern Australia and determine the efficacy of antimicrobials used to treat this syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated 45 outbreaks on 24 farms. Faecal samples from affected animals were cultured for <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. Risk factors, including rainfall, temperature and worm egg count (WEC), were assessed. <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> spp. were identified with molecular tests and susceptibility to four antimicrobials was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic> serotype III and virulent <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> were most frequently isolated. The frequency and severity of disease varied between region, farm and year. <jats:italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic> was detected only during winter, but <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> was present in all seasons. Pathogenic <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> species were more often isolated when WECs exceeded 500 eggs\/g. A high proportion of <jats:italic>Y. enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic> were resistant to sulfafurazole (64% and 86.9%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A bacterial enteritis caused by pathogenic <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> was the cause of the winter scours syndrome in the 24 flocks investigated. The use of molecular testing increased the sensitivity of detection and identification of <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic> spp. No clear association between weather, WEC and disease was established, suggesting complex interactions between risk factors are more important than any single factor. Sulfonamides should not be routinely used to treat this syndrome. Rather, during an outbreak the targeted use of an effective antimicrobial, such as oxytetracycline, should be integrated with grazing management strategies, including moving affected mobs onto lower risk pastures and decreasing the stocking rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T05:02:17Z","timestamp":1524632537000},"page":"176-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Outbreaks of diarrhoea (\u2018winter scours\u2019) in weaned Merino sheep in south\u2010eastern Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"KJ","family":"Stanger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  250 Princes Highway, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  250 Princes Highway, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JWA","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  250 Princes Highway, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Sheep medicine","author":"Glastonbury J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1991.tb00768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.3.712-715.1992","article-title":"Epidemiology of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica in sheep in Australia","volume":"30","author":"Slee K","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1984.35056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries","author":"Lane J","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Assessing the economic cost of endemic disease on the profitability of Australian beef cattle and sheep producers","author":"Sackett D","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"954","volume-title":"Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats","author":"Radostits O","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1984.tb07237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Yersiniosis of farm animals in New Zealand","volume":"23","author":"Gill J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surveillance"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Anthelmintic resistance : report of the working party for the Animal Health Committee of the Standing Committee on Agriculture","author":"Waller PJ","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.tb12237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3103\/S0891416808030038","article-title":"Development of a multiplex PCR for detection of the Yersinia genus with identification of pathogenic species (Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica)","volume":"23","author":"Stenkova A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Genet Microbiol Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.3.1810-1816.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. 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The effect of temperature and water on the survival and virulence ofYersinia enterocoliticaandYersinia pseudotuberculosis.Honours thesis University of Melbourne Werribee Victoria 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer\u2019s pathology of domestic animals","author":"Maxie MG","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Australian Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Favj.12696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/avj.12696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T14:02:30Z","timestamp":1695564150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/avj.12696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/avj.12696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.12696","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-0423","1751-0813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-0423","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-0813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}