{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:37:51Z","timestamp":1779903471320,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the epidemiological and clinical features of acute Q fever in Victoria from 1994 to 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series and spatiotemporal analyses of human notification data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records for all confirmed cases of Q fever in Victoria notified between 1994 and 2013 were reviewed. Clinical and epidemiological features of the cases were described and spatiotemporal analysis undertaken for all cases potentially acquired within Victoria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 659 confirmed acute Q fever cases were notified over the study period. Cases decreased at a rate of 4.2% per annum (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9, 7.4%). Notification rates decreased among abattoir workers and related occupations by 10.9% per annum (95% CI: 6.5, 15.0%), whereas those among dairy farmers rose by 14.9% per annum (95% CI: 4.7, 26.0%). The mean age of cases increased over the study period while the ratio of male to female cases decreased. Spatiotemporal analysis suggested endemic transmission, with 55% of cases associated with abattoirs and related businesses and a further 30% considered to have acquired the infection locally. In addition to abattoir\u2010associated clusters, important foci for local acquisition included South and East Gippsland, Wodonga and an outbreak centred on a dairy goat farm west of Melbourne.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There has been a reduction in cases of acute Q fever in Victoria over the past 20\u2009years and a changing epidemiology with respect to age, sex and acquisition source. Epidemiological and spatiotemporal analyses suggested a low level of endemic transmission within the state, with multiple foci of increased zoonotic transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T23:09:43Z","timestamp":1527808183000},"page":"223-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Review of 20\u2009years of human acute Q fever notifications in Victoria, 1994\u20132013"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"KA","family":"Bond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Department of Health and Human Services Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Austin Health VIA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Epidemiology and Surveillance Department of Health and Human Services VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Department of Health and Human Services Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MA","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SM","family":"Firestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Studies in the epidemiology of Q Fever. 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