{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:29:31Z","timestamp":1771864171299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Veterinary J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determine if there is a link between virulence\u2010associated genes of <jats:italic>Haemophilus parasuis<\/jats:italic> and the genotype and serovar of isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolates of <jats:italic>H. parasuis<\/jats:italic> from 38 farms across six Australian states, representing all serovars present in Australia, were assessed for the presence of virulence\u2010associated genes (<jats:italic>vtaA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hhdBA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>fhuA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>lsgB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>capD<\/jats:italic>). Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC\u2010PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), together with existing knowledge of the serovar of the isolates and the health status of the source pig, were used to examine 75 Australian isolates of <jats:italic>H. parasuis.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An analysis of the ERIC\u2010PRC patterns revealed six main clusters. One cluster of 25 isolates lacked virulence\u2010associated genes and on the basis of serovar and field data, appeared to be mostly non\u2010pathogenic. Another cluster of five isolates containing most of the virulence\u2010associated genes appeared to be pathogenic based on the field and serovar data. The remaining four clusters were a mix of apparently pathogenic and apparently non\u2010pathogenic isolates. The MLST results revealed a high degree of variation, with 54 sequence types of which 41 had not been previously recognised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not all virulence\u2010associated genes are present in potentially pathogenic strains of <jats:italic>H. parasuis.<\/jats:italic> Australian isolates of <jats:italic>H. parasuis<\/jats:italic> are both genetically diverse and markedly different from isolates in other countries. These key findings suggest that vaccine development will be challenging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T23:09:43Z","timestamp":1527808183000},"page":"196-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Virulence\u2010associated gene profiling, DNA fingerprinting and multilocus sequence typing of <i>Haemophilus parasuis<\/i> isolates in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Turni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Level 2A EcoSciences Precinct The University of Queensland, Boggo Road  Dutton Park Queensland 4102 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food 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