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The following year, a further outbreak in the same aviary occurred in a different flock of goldfinches. At the time of the second outbreak, dead and sick common sparrows (Passer domesticus) discovered near the aviary were also found to have systemic isosporosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The systemic isosporosis was investigated and described using histopathology, electron microscopy and sequence analysis of the 18s gene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isospora spp. infecting the greenfinch and the goldfinch caused significant thickening of the duodenal lamina propria. Measurements in the goldfinches showed an inverse correlation coefficient between the thickening of the duodenum and the weightof the birds. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of Isospora spp. within lymphocytes migrating into the lamina propria of the duodenum. Analysis of the 18s sequence discovered two different gene sequences across the three species of birds that didn't completely match any sequences previously deposited in GenBank.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the sparrows were found to have died from causes other than systemic Isospora, molecular studies of samples from their liver revealed the presence of an Isospora with 18s gene sequence identical to that found in the captive greenfinches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T08:10:37Z","timestamp":1589962237000},"page":"338-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigation of systemic isosporosis outbreaks in an aviary of greenfinch (<scp><i>Carduelis chloris<\/i><\/scp>) and goldfinch (<scp><i>Carduelis carduelis<\/i><\/scp>) and a possible link with local wild sparrows (<scp><i>Passer domesticus<\/i><\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0977-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MC","family":"Gosbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Bird Veterinary Clinic  Scoresby Victoria 3179 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"OM","family":"Olaogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KHY","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria 3030 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